Author(s)

Renan Jeremias da Silva¹, Fernanda C. Q. Mello², Janaína A. Leung², Antonio Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto³, Leila de Souza Fonseca², Helio Ribeiro de Siqueira⁴, Health Care Victor Vala and CSEGSF Team⁵, Maria Helena Féres Saad¹

¹Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
²Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
³Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁴Rio de Janeiro State University, Pedro Ernesto Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁵Victor Vala Family Clinic and Health Care-School Germano Silval Farias (CSEGSF), ENSP/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: The concomitant presence of intestinal parasite infections (IP) and tuberculosis (TB) has relevance. M. tuberculosis immune response is associated with type 1 T helper cell (Th1) while IP is associated with type Th2 cell. However, there are several contradictory reports on cytokine production under coinfection and this could be in association to the mycobacterial antigens used in the studies. Aim: To get insight into the effects of different M. tuberculosis-specific antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10 and 38 kDa/CFP-10) in generating of appropriate cytokines on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IPTB co infected patients. Method: ELISA assessed IFN-γ and other 16 cytokines production and plasm IgE. In 18 months, we documented demographic, economic, clinical characteristics and IP frequency in individuals from Brazil. Results: An overall 10/35 (28.5%) were IPTB co infected and 40/76 (52.6%; p = 0.024) asymptomatic intestinal parasite infected community controls (IPCC). Endo-limax nana (40%) and Entamoeba coli (22%), were the most nonpathogenic protozoan identified and Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis were the pathogenic species (40%). IgE was higher in IPCC (p = 0.036). Cytokine profiles were significantly biased toward a Th2 type IL-5 (p = 0.001) and IL-13 (p = 0.033), pro-inflammatory GM-CSF (p = 0.019) and borderline lower IL-1β in IPTB, all associated with ESAT-6/CFP-10, while IL-7 was borderline lower, but 38 kDa/CFP-10 associated; as well as IL-8 higher (p < 0.049) vs CC/IPCC. The TB/IPTB IFN-γ levels were similar to both antigens stimuli (p ≥ 0.208). Conclusion: Therefore, coin-cident IPTB coinfection did not exert a significant inhibitory effect in IFN-γ production in response to either of the two antigens, but the partial discrepancy in Th1/Th2 response, is associated with the antigen priming cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Intestinal Parasites, Mycobacterial Antigens, IgE, Cytokines

Silva, R. , Mello, F. , Leung, J. , Moraes Neto, A. , Fonseca, L. , Siqueira, H. , CSEGSF Team, H. and Féres Saad, M. (2018) Insights on Blood Cytokines Production under Different In Vitro Mycobacterial Antigens in Tuberculosis Intestinal Parasites Co Infected Patients. Advances in Microbiology, 8, 161-174. doi: 10.4236/aim.2018.83011.