Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript through the online manuscript submission system. Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be accepted.

Authors are invited to provide the names of four well qualified reviewers. Current e-mail addresses must be provided for all suggested reviewers.

Regardless of the source of the word-processing tool, only electronic PDF or MS-Word files can be submitted through the online submission system. If for some technical reason online submission is not successful, the author can submit the manuscript to chnstd@scirp.org.

To expedite the review process, please format the manuscript in the following way:

Article type:
One Column

Manuscript organization:
1. All manuscripts are expected to be prepared as a single PDF or MS Word document with the complete text, references, tables and figures included. Any revised manuscripts prepared for publication should be sent as a single editable Word document. LaTex paper is also acceptable for publication, but it should be in PDF for review first.

2. Manuscripts should be written in English. Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. The order they follow is: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction.

Figure and table requirement:
3. All figures or photographs must be submitted as jpg or tif files with distinct characters and symbols at 500 dpi (dots per inch). Test your figures by printing them from a personal computer. The online version should look relatively similar to the personal-printer copy. Tables and equations should be in an editable rather than image version. Tables must be edited with Word/Excel. Equations must be edited with Equation Editor. Figures, tables and equations should be numbered and cited as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. in sequence.

Use of Chinese Characters:
4. The journal adopts the pinyin (拼音) as its standard Romanization system to transcribe Chinese names and terms. Occasional exceptions can be made for only a very limited number of names and terms that are transcribed in other systems but have already prevailed in scholarship. Examples are “Confucius” for 孔子, “Sun Yat-sen” for 孙逸仙, “Tsinghua (University)” for 清华（大学）, etc.

5. This journal accepts both traditional characters (fanti zi 繁体字) and simplified characters (jianti zi 简体字). Be sure to use either one consistently throughout the manuscript.
1) A Romanized Chinese name or term, when occurring for the first time, should be followed by its original Chinese characters. For example, Luoyang洛阳, Ma Yinchu 马寅初, etc. EXCEPT the following:
a) Dynasties, e.g. Yuan, Ming, Qing
b) Provinces, e.g. Guangdong, Liaoning
c) Municipality Cities, e.g. Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing
d) The best-known leaders in modern or contemporary China, e.g. Deng Xiaoping, Zhu Rongji.
2) A translated Chinese term, when occurring for the first time, should be followed by its original Chinese characters. For example, Benevolence 仁，Righteousness 义，National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会, etc.
3) Except the best-known historical or culture figures （e.g. Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mao Zedong, etc.）, historical figures should be identified in the format of “Romanization+Characters+(most accurate possible lifetime information if known)” on first occurrence, e.g. Zisi 子思 (483-402 BC), Shen Sheng 陈胜 (?-208 BC), Yang Xiong 扬雄 (53 BC-18 AD), Ban Zhao 班昭 (45?-117? AD), Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培 (1868-1940).

6. Chinese texts that are translated into English and quoted in the manuscript should be followed by the texts in the original Chinese characters. For example, "The white sun sinks behind the mountains. The Yellow River flows into the sea 白日依山尽，黄河入海流." (Note: Using Jake Holman's translation of a pre-modern Chinese poem.)

How to count page numbers:
7. Before submission or after acceptance, type your manuscript single spaced, and make all the characters in the text, tables, figure legends, footnotes and references in a single typeface and point size as 10 pt Times New Roman. This will save space, make it easier for reviewers and editors to process the submitted work, and contributes to slowing down global warming by using less paper.

References format:
8. All references should be formatted in APA style in the text and listed in the REFERENCES section, as shown below:

Journal Articles:
Bonoti, F., & Metallidou, P. (2010). Children’s Judgments and Feelings about Their Own Drawings. Psychology, 1, 329-336.

Zhu Kezhen 竺可桢 (1972). Zhongguo jin wuqian nian lai qihou bianqian de chubu yanjiu 中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究. Kaogu Xuebao, 37, 15-38.

Conference Proceedings:
Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Self-Referential Mental Activity: Relation to a Default Mode of Brain Function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 4259- 4264.

Schnase, J. L., & Cunnius, E. L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL’95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Transactions:
Fisher, H. E., Aron, A., & Brown, L. L. (2006). Romantic Love: A Mammalian Brain System for Mate Choice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, 361, 2173-2186.

Translations:
Pu Songling 蒲松齡 (1640-1715) (1996). Strange tales from make-do studio. (V. H. Mair, Trans.). Beijing: Foreign Language Press. (Original work published 1766).

Monograph:
Helfer, M. E., Keme, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997). The Battered Child (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Lü Simian 呂思勉 (1987). Lunxue Jilin 论学集林. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaoyu Chubanshe.

Monograph from a Pre-modern Congshu 丛书:
Cheng Duanxue 程端学 (1278-1334) (1983). Chunqiu benyi 春秋本义. Yingyin wenyuange Siku quanshu edition. Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu Yinshuguan.

Modern Edition of Pre-Modern Texts:
Sima Guang 司马光 (1019-1086) (Comp.). (1956). Zizhi tongjian 资治通鉴. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.

Thesis:
Giambastiani, B. M. S. (2007). Evoluzione Idrologica ed Idrogeologica della Pineta di San Vitale (Ravenna). Ph.D. Thesis, Bologna: Bologna University.

Report:
Marcinkowski, TJ, & Rehring, L. (1995). The Secondary School Report: A Final Report on the Development, Pilot Testing, Validation, and Field Testing of the Secondary School Environmental Literacy Assessment Instrument. Cincinnati, Ohio: Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book:
Lieberman, A. F. & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2005). Reciprocal Influences of Attachment and Trauma: Using a Dual Lens in the Assessment and Treatment in Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers. In L. Berlin, Y. Ziv, L. Amaya-Jackson, & M. T. Greenberg (Eds.), Enhancing Early Attachments: Theory, Research, Intervention, and Policy (pp. 120-126). New York: Guilford Press.

Cohn, E., & T. Geske (1990). Ch. 7: Production & cost Functions in Education. In The Economics of Education (pp. 159-210). New York: The Free Press.

Article in proceedings:
Grudin, J. (1990). The Computer Reaches Out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Empowering People (pp. 261-268). New York, NY: ACM Press.

Internet:
CHI Conference (2009). Guide to a Successful HCI Archive Submission. URL (last checked 15 May 2009)
http://www.chi2009.org/Authors/Guides/ArchiveGuide.html

Report from a Private Organization:
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Eating Disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Manuscripts not adhering to journal guidelines will be returned to authors without scientific evaluation. Submitted manuscripts adhering to journal guidelines are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief or an Editor, who will assign them to reviewers. The review process is single blind. The Editor prepares a decision letter according to the comments of the reviewers, which is sent to the corresponding author. All non-reviewed manuscripts are sent back within 10 days and the decision letters of manuscripts are sent within 4 weeks.

Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, CC BY (or the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License CC BY-NC), which allows users to (noncommercially) copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship.

The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.

While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

SCIRP is committed to maintaining high standards through a rigorous peer-review together with strict ethical policies. Any infringements of professional ethical codes, such as plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, bogus claims of authorship, should be taken very seriously by the editors with zero tolerance.

An Initial Plagiarism Check is carried out for every manuscript submitted to ChnStd. The check starts with a Google search which is built into SCIRP's Paper Submission and Manuscript Tracking System. SCIRP is a member of CrossCheck and has added all its papers to the CrossCheck database. In this way, also other publishers can compare their manuscripts with SCIRP's papers. CrossCheck is used through the web-based iThenticate system by uploading a document and running a similarity check against the CrossCheck database and the Internet. The check provides a "Similarity Index" which is the percentage of the manuscript matching other sources. iThenticate does not determine whether a manuscript contains plagiarism. Therefore, manuscripts with a high "Similarity Index" are examined if the other matching sources have been properly cited.

SCIRP follows the Code of Conduct of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and follows the COPE Flowcharts for Resolving Cases of Suspected Misconduct.

The submitted manuscript should not have been previously published in any form and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.