Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. Symptoms often include difficulty in swallowing and weight loss. Other symptoms may include pain when swallowing, a hoarse voice, enlarged lymph nodes ("glands") around the collarbone, a dry cough, and possibly coughing up or vomiting blood. In the present book, twenty-two typical literatures about esophageal cancer published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on esophageal cancer. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in esophageal cancer as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.