CNF is a material composed of nanosized
cellulose fibrils with a high aspect ratio (length to width ratio). Typical
fibril widths are 5–20 nanometers with a wide range of lengths, typically
several micrometers. It is pseudo-plastic and exhibits thixotropy, the property
of certain gels or fluids that are thick (viscous) under normal conditions, but
become less viscous when shaken or agitated. When the shearing forces are
removed the gel regains much of its original state. The fibrils are isolated
from any cellulose containing source including wood-based fibers (pulp fibers)
through high-pressure, high temperature and high velocity impact
homogenization, grinding or microfluidization (see manufacture
below).