Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. Those who have been infected a long time may experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding eggs of the parasite in a person’s urine or stool. Schistosomiasis affected almost 210 million people worldwide as of 2012. An estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it each year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Many countries are working towards eradicating the disease. In some cases, urbanization, pollution, and consequent destruction of snail habitat have reduced exposure, with a subsequent decrease in new infections.

In the present book, fourteen typical literatures about schistosomiasis published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, virology, epidemiology, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in schistosomiasis as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.