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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Safety Assurance for Challenging Geotechnical Civil Engineering Constructions in Urban Areas

  AUTHORS: Rolf Katzenbach, Christiane Bergmann, Steffen Leppla

  KEYWORDS: Natural Asset; Financial Value; Neural Network

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.3 No.3B, October 11, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Safety is the most important aspect during design, construction and service time of any structure, especially for challenging projects like high-rise buildings and tunnels in urban areas. A high level design considering the soil-structure- interaction, based on a qualified soil investigation is required for a safe and optimised design. Due to the complexity of geotechnical constructions the safety assurance guaranteed by the 4-eye-principle is essential. The 4-eye-principle consists of an independent peer review by publicly certified experts combined with the observational method. The paper presents the fundamental aspects of safety assurance by the 4-eye-principle. The application is explained on several examples, as deep excavations, complex foundation systems for high-rise buildings and tunnel constructions in urban areas. The experiences made in the planning, design and construction phases are explained and for new inner urban projects recommendations are given.