TITLE:
Correction Procedure for Empirical Equations for Calculating the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature
AUTHORS:
Tomofumi Miyashita
KEYWORDS:
Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background, Minimum Mass, Ratio of Gravitational Force to Electric Force, Dimension Analysis, Fine Structure Constant
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Modern Physics,
Vol.16 No.7,
July
23,
2025
ABSTRACT: We build upon previously proposed empirical equations involving the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and extend the approach to include an empirical formulation for the fine-structure constant. To ensure consistency across these relationships, revised values for the CMB temperature (Tc) and the gravitational constant (G) were obtained as 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3·kg−1·s−2, respectively. Recognizing slight deviations from the experimentally observed values, the study aims to refine these predictions. An optimized procedure yielded a recalibrated CMB temperature of 2.7256307 K, directly matching the observed value of 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K. A central claim of this work is the validity of Equation (10) independent of the MKSA unit system. The recalculated gravitational constant, 6.68917534 × 10−11 m3·kg−1·s−2, however, remains marginally greater than the accepted value of 6.6743 × 10−11. The paper also introduces potential compensation strategies to account for this discrepancy.