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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Soninke Civilization: The Societal Organization and Its Flaws

  AUTHORS: Issa Gadjigo

  KEYWORDS: Soninke, Society, xabiilo, laadani, Societal, Organization, Inequalities, Functions, Clan, Hierarchal, Rank

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Anthropology, Vol.12 No.2, May 31, 2022

  ABSTRACT: This article studies the contemporary Soninke societal organization and its flaws. The Soninke families called xabiilo(clans) are stratified hieratically, but profoundly characterized by some social inequalities. According to the societal classification, each xabiila (clan) is in charge of a social function that must be ensured religiously and continuously. Thus it is in a societal dynamic characterized by some social inequalities (difference between people and endogamy) that the xabiilo maintain some reciprocal relationships through the laadani (customs). In spite of being thought to be the backbone of the Soninke societal organization, that stratification is biased by some social inequalities.