TITLE:
Impact of Environment Conditions on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): To Optimal Production and Sustainability, Achieving Food Security and Increasing the Palestinian Economy
AUTHORS:
Jehad M. H. Ighbareyeh, Eusebio Cano Carmona
KEYWORDS:
Palestine, Hebron, Grapes, Food Security, Economy, Climate
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.6 No.2,
February
28,
2018
ABSTRACT: Grapevine (Vitis
vinifera L.) is one of
important economic fruit crops found in Hebron of Palestine. Climate is one of
the key controlling factors in grape and wine production. Materials & Method: We analyzed grape production in Hebron region, and studied the
correlation analyses between productions and climatic, bioclimatic factors. The
bioclimate, climatic factors were obtained according to Rivas-Martinez to
classification of the earth. However, the independent variables were examined:
the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic
index, water deficit and simple continentality index; and following climate
factors: mean monthly temperature, precipitation and soil water reserve. The
data used were from one meteorological station of the Palestinian
Meteorological Department for the years 1993 to 2009 (16 years), and to the
same years of grape production (rain-fed) from the Palestinian Central Bureau
of Statistics (PCBS).Result & Discussion: When
we applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and observed that the Hebron
type plots are located at the left of axis 1 during 1999-2004 negatively
affected by the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, with a
large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (76.66%), but
precipitation was positive influenced on grape yield for the years (2004-2009),
with a proportion of the variance explained by axes 2 (23.34%); Hebron type
plots are located at the right of axis1during 1993-1999 positive affected by
the bioclimate factor as a simple continentality index and annual ombrothermic
index, and climate factors as water deficit, soil water reserve and mean
monthly temperature, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes
1 & 2 (100%). Conclusions: Grapes are sensitive climate and the
surrounding environment factors, and in
order to get a high production and high-quality grapes, mean monthly
temperature must be between 15°C - 20°C, and 20°C - 30°C (27°C) in the last two
months of the maturation process, the value of simple continentality
index is 15 - 18, compensated thermicity index is 220 - 350, and annual
ombrothermic index is more than 3.