TITLE:
Mycofungicide: Trichoderma Based Preparation for Foliar Applications
AUTHORS:
Gyula Oros, Zoltán Naár
KEYWORDS:
Mycofungicide, Trichoderma, Rosa, Diplocarpon, Pepper, Phytophthora
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.8 No.2,
January
19,
2017
ABSTRACT: The Trichoderma based emulsifiable mycofungicide for controlling foliar diseases lessened the
yield loss to economically acceptable level with significant increase of the
quality of product. The amount of phylloplane originated T. harzianum and T.
parceramosum strains containing liquid formulation, to be applied as leaf
spray, might be reduced in two order of magnitude as compared to the solid
preparations to achieve the same effect. Both sensitivity of 13 phytopathogenic
fungi to antifungal properties of toxic substances released by 32 Trichoderma strains and their susceptibility
to the same were examined during development of new mycofungicide. Both toxin
production of Trichodermas and the sensitivity
of target fungi varied within large limits, being Pythium irregulare the most, while Phytophthora infestans and Macrophomina
phaseolina the less tolerant. The sensitivity responses of fungi to toxins
correlated to their susceptibility to antagonists. The spectrum of antagonists
of pathogenic fungus or targets of Trichoderma
strain proved to be unpredictable. Conidia of Trichoderma strains in liquid paraffin (LP) of pharmaceutical
quality (LP PQ) survived over 2 years. However, in commercial LP the shelf life
of them significantly decreased in strain dependent manner, and the presence of
emulsifiers selectively reduced the survival rate as well. The LP PQ was not
phytotoxic in therapeutic doses, but commercial LP proved to be toxic when
applied as leaf spray independently on the emulsifiers. Both fungitoxic and
phytotoxic contaminants of commercial LP could be eliminated with activated
carbon.