TITLE:
Clean Coal & High Carbon Efficiency Energy Engineering
AUTHORS:
Stefan Petters, Kalvin Tse
KEYWORDS:
Atmospheric Carbon, Carbon Efficiency, Carbon Metabolism, Carbon Re-Use, Chemical Energy Content, Controlled Microbial Composting, Energy Carriers, Fossil Substitute Commodities, Intermediaries, Heating Value, Hybrid Power Plant, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen, Organic Waste Valorization, Photosynthesis, Productivity, Refineries
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
Vol.3 No.4,
April
15,
2015
ABSTRACT:
Today we live in a world of Hydrocarbon
Energy Carriers, where Carbon is always used as a Carrier for Hydrogen 1)
Biomass (CH1.44O0.66 or C6H12O6); 2) Natural Gas [NG] (CH4); 3) Water Gas [C+H2O];
4) Gasoline (C6H12, C7H18, C8H18, etc.); 5) Kerosene (C17H36, C18H38, C19H40, C20H42,
C21H44, C22H46, etc.) and; 6) Crude Oil. The Carbon aggregates are all storable
and have worthwhile, logistically manageable energy densities. But whenever
recovering Energy from the Carbon molarities, CO2 gets emitted into the
atmosphere, while separate use of Hydrogen Energy contents carried by the
Carbon moieties would just generate water vapor. Hydrogen is also the most
important intermediary in Refineries, hydrogenating lower grade Hydrocarbons
into higher potencies, or for removing Sulfur by the formation of Hydrogen
Sulfur, that can be dissociated after its segregation from the Hydrocarbon
products. But most of the internal Hydrogen yields in Refineries today is used
for onsite production of Ammonia as a basis for Energy fertilizers in high
performance agriculture. Because Hydrogen is awkward to store and transport, most
of it is currently used captive within large size centralized plants as a
reactant for producing Hydrocarbon energy carriers, using the Carbon as a
carrier for the Hydrogen moieties, to then be distributed over big enough areas
for consumption of the such large scale plants’ volumes. With recently proven
achievements of Hydrogen production from excess Wind & Solar Power by
electrolysis, Hydrogen could become available in abundant quantities, to be
distributed locally within the coverage area of the transmission grid such Wind
& Solar installations are feeding into. In combination with Carbon as a
reactant such abundant Hydrogen could also be synthesized into Hydrocarbon
Energy Carriers and substitute fossil commodities.