TITLE:
On the Metric of Space-Time
AUTHORS:
Carl E. Wulfman
KEYWORDS:
Space-Time; Metric; Hubble; Dark Matter; Red Shift; Astrophysics; Electrodynamics
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Modern Physics,
Vol.4 No.11,
November
27,
2013
ABSTRACT:
Maxwell’s equations are obeyed in a one-parameter group of isotropic gravity-free flat space-times whose metric depends upon the value of the group parameter. An experimental determination of this value has been proposed. If it is zero, the metric is Minkowski’s. If it is non-zero, the metric is not Poincare invariant and local frequencies of electromagnetic waves change as they propagate. If the group parameter is positive, velocity-independent red-shifts develop and the group parameter play a role similar to that of Hubble’s constant in determining the relation of these red-shifts to propagation distance. In the resulting space-times, the velocity-dependence of red shifts is a function of propagation distance. If 2c times the group parameter and Hubble’s constant have approximately the same value, observed frequency shifts in radiation received from stellar sources can imply source velocities quite different from those implied in Minkowski space. Electromagnetic waves received from bodies in galactic Kepler orbits undergo frequency shifts which are indistinguishable from shifts currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy in Minkowski space, or to a non-Newtonian physics.