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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Conversion Synergies during Steam Co-Gasification of Ligno-Cellulosic Simulated Biomass with Coal

  AUTHORS: Joseph H. Kihedu, Ryo Yoshiie, Yoko Nunome, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

  KEYWORDS: Co-Gasification; Synergy; Biomass; Cellulose; Lignin

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, Vol.2 No.4, December 25, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400℃ while the second one occurred above 800℃. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400℃ indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.