G.-B. Huang, Q.-Y. Zhu and C.-K. Siew, “Extreme Learning Machine: A New Learning Scheme of Feedforward Neural Networks,” Proceedings of International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, Budapest, July 2004, pp. 489-501.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Regularization by Intrinsic Plasticity and Its Synergies with Recurrence for Random Projection Methods

  AUTHORS: Klaus Neumann, Christian Emmerich, Jochen J. Steil

  KEYWORDS: Extreme Learning Machine; Reservoir Computing; Model Selection; Feature Selection; Model Complexity; Intrinsic Plasticity; Regularization

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, Vol.4 No.3, August 30, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Neural networks based on high-dimensional random feature generation have become popular under the notions extreme learning machine (ELM) and reservoir computing (RC). We provide an in-depth analysis of such networks with respect to feature selection, model complexity, and regularization. Starting from an ELM, we show how recurrent connections increase the effective complexity leading to reservoir networks. On the contrary, intrinsic plasticity (IP), a biologically inspired, unsupervised learning rule, acts as a task-specific feature regularizer, which tunes the effective model complexity. Combing both mechanisms in the framework of static reservoir computing, we achieve an excellent balance of feature complexity and regularization, which provides an impressive robustness to other model selection parameters like network size, initialization ranges, or the regularization parameter of the output learning. We demonstrate the advantages on several synthetic data as well as on benchmark tasks from the UCI repository providing practical insights how to use high-dimensional random networks for data processing.