Article citationsMore>>
Severance, E.G., Dupont, D., Dickerson, F.B., Stallings, C.R., Origoni, A.E., Krivgorski, B., Yang, S., Hansnoot, W. and Yolken, R.H. (2010) Immune activation by casein dietary antigens in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 12, 834-842. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00879.x
has been cited by the following article:
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TITLE:
Exorphins in urine from schizoaffective psychotics
AUTHORS:
Dag Tveiten, Karl L. Reichelt
KEYWORDS:
Exorphins; Schizoaffective; Peptide; Mass-Spectrometry
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Psychiatry,
Vol.2 No.3,
July
25,
2012
ABSTRACT: Hyperpeptiduria and opioid excess have been reported in schizophrenia. According to Prof. Dr. L. Lindstrom, Sweden opioids may explain the patho-physiology of this syndrome. Therefore it is critical to elucidate the presence and nature of opioids in schizophrenia and diagnostic sub groups. First morning urine from untreated schizoaffective patients (ICD-10: F 25.1) was separated on HPLC and peaks that elute where different opioid standards appear, freeze dried, re-dissolved in methanol/water (50/50) and 10mM formic acid. Mass spectrometry and MS/MS or fragmentation mass spectrometry was performed. We found fragmentation pattern of beta-casomorphin 1-3 and 1-4 (bovine) identical to synthetic standards from Bachem. The aggregation tendency of peptides was much in evidence. The reported exorphins were found in the urine from 8 of 12 untreated schizoaffective patients.
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