T. E. Creighton, “The Problem of How and Why Proteins Adopt Folded Conformation,” Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 89, No. 12, 1985, pp. 2452-2459. doi:10.1021/j100258a006

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Levinthal’s Paradox Revisited, and Dismissed

  AUTHORS: Arieh Ben-Naim

  KEYWORDS: Protein Folding; Levinthal Paradox; Hydrophilic Forces; Markov Process

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Biophysics, Vol.2 No.2, April 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: This article is concerned with the so-called Levinthal’s paradox. It will be argued that many have sought a “solution” to Levinthal’s paradox, where in fact, the “solution” already appeared in Levinthal’s original articles. Most of the subsequent suggested “solutions” were inadequate solutions to a non-paradox. It is shown that the discovery of strong hydrophilic forces not only dismisses the Levintal paradox, but also provides a solution to the general problem of protein folding. A simple model based on the Markov process is presented to demonstrate how a strong biased-force can dramatically reduce the number of steps required to reach the stable native 3-D structure of the protein.