TITLE:
Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Central African Republic Children: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects
AUTHORS:
Jean Chrysostome Gody, Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem, Ghislain Franck Houndjahoue, Vanessa Iris Gaspiet Sonny, Mario Giobbia, Pierpaolo Grisetti, Cristina Ceresoli, Deborah Nguimba, Raffaella Marino, Sandra Garba Ouangole, Wasianga Kendewa, Festus Regis Mbrenga, Evodie Pierrette Kakouguere, Ida Maxime Kangale-Wando, Emmanuel Nakoune
KEYWORDS:
Acute Respiratory Infections, Virus, Children, Central African Republic
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.12 No.2,
May
9,
2022
ABSTRACT: Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization
among children in developing countries. Objectives: To identify the
respiratory viruses circulating in Central
African children before the SARS-COV2 pandemic and to assess the
clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional,
descriptive, multicenter study, run from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020.
Children aged 28 days to 15 year-old, with respiratory symptoms ≤10 days had been included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and sent to the Institute
Pasteur in Bangui (WHO National Referral Center for influenza). Virus research
was done by cell and molecular culture techniques. Data were recorded and processed with Access 2019 software, then analyzed with STATA version 14 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used to compare proportions at
the p 0.05
threshold. Results: Out of 659 children included during the study
period, viruses were identified in 231 children, for an overall positivity rate
of 35.05% (231/659). Rhinoviruses (RV) and
influenza viruses were found in 66.23% and 16.88% respectively.
Virus-virus co-infections were found in 10 (10/231)
children (4.32%). Children under 5 years of age were more represented (78.60%). The main reasons for consultation were: fever (96.20%),
cough (95.45%), runny nose (78.5%), and breathing difficulty (30.50%). ILI
(Influenza-Like Illness) was found in 71.02% versus 28.98% of SARI (Severe
Acute Respiratory Infection). There was a statistically significant association
between age 5 years
and severity of acute respiratory infection (p = 0.001). The outcome was known
for the 122 children at the CHUPB site with a mortality rate of 17.21% (n = 21). Conclusion: Viral ARI is common in children in Central African Republic.
Care givers should think about it in order to reduce the inappropriate
prescription of antibiotics.