TITLE:
Direct Potable Reuse: The Singapore NEWater Project as a Role Model
AUTHORS:
Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Abdulaziz Alghamdi
KEYWORDS:
Water Reuse, Direct Potable Reuse, Water Scarcity, Membrane Processes, Wastewater Treatment, Drinking Water
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.6 No.12,
December
27,
2019
ABSTRACT: In Singapore, indirect potable water reuse has been applied during the last two decades. Now, water reuse furnishes around 30% of the nation’s water request and the well-known NEWater success story has greatly participated in transforming Singapore into a global hydro hub for pioneering novel water techniques. This work discusses the recent technological improvements and the outlooks for water reuse in Singapore as a model. Fields of attentions comprise membrane exploitation (involving forward, reverse and pressure retarded osmosis, as well as membrane bioreactors), advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical methods, and their combination as cost-effective tailored solutions to tackle novel dares as diverse as direct potable reuse. The challenge is to duplicate the Singapore NEWater success story throughout the world. Efforts should be accomplished to generalize such encouraging and rich experience especially in poor countries where humans are dying because of lack of water or due to diseases caused by contaminated water.