Raafat, D., Leib, N., Wilmes, M., François, P., Schrenzel, J. and Sahl, H.G. (2017) Development of in Vitro Resistance to Chitosan Is Related to Changes in Cell Envelope Structure of Staphylococcus aureus. Carbohydrate Polymers, 157, 146-155.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.075

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Ultrastructural Analysis of Chitosan Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

  AUTHORS: Maria Eduarda de Farias Albuquerque Gaspar de Oliveira, Christina Alves Peixoto, Rosa Valéria da Silva Amorim

  KEYWORDS: Antibacterial Activity, Chitosan, Ultrastructure, Staphylococcus aureu, Escherichia coli

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Microbiology, Vol.9 No.10, October 24, 2019

  ABSTRACT: The continuous search for an antimicrobial agent led to the identification of potential antimicrobial biomaterials based on polymers naturals, such as chitosan (CS). However, the mechanism of action of antibacterial activity of CS for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was not completely elucidated. The aim of this work is to report the antibacterial activity of CS through ultrastructural analyses of the clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The CS has a bactericidal action against S. aureus and E. coli which alters its cellular ultrastructure, such as with collapsed cell walls, condensed chromatin and the increase of intracellulares structures like vacuoles and cell debris. In this way, the CS represents a potential model for the future design of antibacterial in order to control bacterial resistance of patients in hospital settings.