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https://doi.org/10.1007/s004410100464

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Four Cousins with Hypospadias, Is It Familial or Environmental? (Case Report)

  AUTHORS: Mohamed Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed, Mina Senada, Mohamed Ahmed Hassan, Yousef Abdalazeem

  KEYWORDS: Hypospadias, Familial, Environmental, Snodgrass Repair

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Plastic Surgery, Vol.9 No.3, July 31, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects. However, its etiology remains largely unknown. Genetic and also intrauterine environmental factors have a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair is done through several techniques, one of which is Snodgrass technique which has many advantages. The 4 cousins underwent repair with no complications during 6 months follow up period. Methods: Urethroplasty using Snodgrass hypospadias repair of 4 cousins with positive parental consanguinity and absent family history of hypospadias. Results: 4 cousins underwent Snodgrass (Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty) with no complications after 6 months follow up. Conclusion: Although there is high heritability of hypospadias that also aggregates within second- and third-degree relatives, environmental factors may play a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair has a long learning curve. The continuous auditing should be done to improve the results.