TITLE:
Central Composite Design Method for the Preparation, Stability and Properties of Water-in-Diesel Nano Emulsions
AUTHORS:
Ali Ghufran Khidhir, Adel Sharif Hamadi
KEYWORDS:
Water in Diesel, Optimization, Central Composite Design, Stability
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science,
Vol.8 No.3,
July
25,
2018
ABSTRACT: Water in diesel nano-emulsion (WiDNE) due to their
nano size, kinetically stable gives its beneficial in commercial and
environmental aspects. However, the capability of this fuel strongly depends on
the method of preparation, stability and their physic-chemical properties.
Central composite design (CCD) method was used to optimize variable
interactions in order to obtain maximum stability. Methodology RSM method with
six independent variables was selected in order to understand the impacts on
droplet size. The response surface and 3D plots of the quadratic polynomial
model were created for studying the combination effect on response. Dynamic
light scattering DLS technique was used for measuring of droplet sizes. The
analysis result by ANOVA was with 95% confidence displaying F value model was
52.82. The results displayed model was fulfilled with the assumptions of ANOVA.
This study has relied on Design Expert software to locate the optimum droplet
size situations. The measured diameter is 26 nm, with 0.0297 errors between
actual conditions and measured value. The optimum blend properties of prepared WiDNE fuel were compared with conventional diesel.
Improvements in physical properties were observed in presence of water
in WiDNE.