Chae, Y.K., Arya, A., Chiec, L., Shah, H., Rosenberg, A., Patel, S., Raparia, K., Choi, J., Wainwright, D.A., Villaflor, V., Cristofanilli, M. and Giles, F. (2017) Challenges and Future of Biomarker Tests in the Era of Precision Oncology: Can We Rely on Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Select the Optimal Patients for Matched Therapy? Oncotarget, 8, 100863-100898.
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19809

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Human Papillomavirus—The Cause of Human Cervical Cancer

  AUTHORS: Ilija Barukčić

  KEYWORDS: Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Cancer, Cause Effect Relationship, Causality

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.6 No.4, April 30, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. One objective of this study was to conduct a qualitative systematic review of some case-control studies and to examine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of human cervical cancer (CC) beyond any reasonable doubt. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and re-analysis of some impressive key studies aimed to answer the following question. Is there a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer? The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether the presence of human papillomavirus guarantees the presence of cervical carcinoma. In other words, if human cervical cancer is present, then human papillomavirus is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypothesis, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Result: The studies analyzed (sample size N = 7657) were able to provide strict evidence that human papillomavirus is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of cervical carcinoma. Furthermore, the studies analyzed provide impressive evidence of a cause-effect relationship (k = +0.723669245, p value Conclusion: Human papillomavirus is the cause of human cervical carcinoma.