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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Nondiabetic Adults with Abdominal Obesity

  AUTHORS: Luis Vigil, Albert Goday, Rafael Gabriel, Juan Francisco Ascaso, Josep Franch, Rafael Ortega

  KEYWORDS: Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Abdominal Obesity, Microalbuminuria, Chronic Kidney Disease

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol.2 No.4, September 30, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Aims: we investigate whether insulin resistance is associated with an increased prevalence for chronic kidney disease irrespective of the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome. Methods: 1638 patients with abdominal obesity were selected. Metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Insulin resistance was defined by Homeostasis Model Assessment Index >P75. Chronic kidney disease was defined by the presence of a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (Results: metabolic syndrome was present in 1030 (62.9%) patients and insulin resistance in 787 (48%). Conversely 61% of those with metabolic syndrome were insulin resistant and 79% of those with insulin resistance had metabolic syndrome. Chronic kidney disease was present in 18%. In multivariate analysis, chronic kidney disease was increased in subjects with insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.350; CI 95%: 1.021 - 1.785; p = 0.035) and in those with metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.417; CI 95%: 1.045 - 1.922; p = 0.025). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were significant and independently associated with chronic kidney disease in nondiabetic adults with abdominal obesity.