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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Determination of Melamine in Fresh Milk by Electrochemistry with Solid Phase Microextraction at Bismuthyl Chloride Modified Graphite Epoxy Composite Electrode

  AUTHORS: Yongchun Zhu, Yanjia Zhang, Jingyi Li, Yanli Han, Guobin Dong, Hongbo Zhang

  KEYWORDS: Melamine, Bismuthyl Chloride Modified Electrode, Adsorption, Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Solid Phase Micro Extraction

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol.2 No.5, September 22, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Melamine as an important chemical raw material and a harmful additive in foods has attracted many people’s attention. In the present paper, The graphite-epoxy composited solid phase electrode was modified with bismuth layer by cyclic voltammetric deposition of bismuth from Bi(NO3)3 aqueous solution including 0.10 M HNO3, and hydrolyzed into micro bismuthyl chloride on-sites. Melamine in fresh milk was extracted with solid phase micro-extraction on the bismuthyl chloride modified graphite-epoxy composited solid electrode. The adsorption of melamine on bismuthyl chloride particle surfaces follows a Freundlich adsorption model, and results in the decrease of the reduction peak current of bismuth in bismuthyl chloride, and determined by differential pulse voltammetry from fresh milk in a larger concentration range of 10–4 ? 10–12 M with detection limit of 2.5 ? 10–12 M and relative standard deviation of 2.7%. The method is sensitive, convenient and was applied in the detection of melamine in fresh milk with relative deviation of 4.2% in content of 0.45 mg/kg melamine in the fresh milk.