TITLE:
Potential Impact of Climate Change on Dynamics of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampi Ferrari) in Ethiopia
AUTHORS:
Eshetu Agegnehu, Ashok Thakur, Tewodros Mulualem
KEYWORDS:
Climate Change, Berry Borer, Dynamics, Coffee
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.2 No.1,
January
27,
2015
ABSTRACT:
The aim of this paper is
to review the potential effect of climate change on dynamics of coffee berry borer and to generate information for
researches concerned on it. Coffee (Coffea arabica L.), which is
originated in Ethiopia, is the backbone of the country’s economy. It accounts
for 70% of the foreign exchange earning, 10% of the government revenue and
employs 25% of the domestic labor force. There are four coffee production
systems in Ethiopia such as modern plantation, gardens, semi-forest and forest
coffee. Among the major factors limiting increased Coffee production globally
are losses due to pests and estimated to be 13% worldwide. Over 47 species of insect pests are recorded on Coffee in Ethiopia. Among which Antestia bug, Antestiopsis
intricate, A. facetoids and Coffee blotch miner, Leucopteracaffeinia are the major ones inflicting considerable damage as well as insect pests such
as Coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, Coffee thrips, Diarthrothripscoffeae,
green scale, Coccusalpinus and Coffee cushion scale, Stictococcusformicarius,
are potentially important insect pests in Ethiopia. In addition to pest
constraints, Africa are expected to be placed under considerable additional stress
by climate change. This is of particular importance for crops such as coffee,
which serves as the economic foundation for many countries in the tropics. The
Greater Horn of Africa is among the most vulnerable regions to the impacts of
climate variability and change. Smallholder coffee farmers are more vulnerable
to it, because of various constraints negatively affecting their livelihoods.
Climate-induced stress may render plants more vulnerable to opportunistic
herbivores. Before 1984, temperatures in the Ethiopian highland’s coffee
growing regions were cool enough to keep the coffee berry borer in check.
However, rising temperatures have enabled several generations of beetles per
coffee season. While surveys in 1967 did not show any evidence of coffee berry
borers, those conducted in 2003 found that the beetle was widespread in
Southwestern Ethiopia. The rise in temperatures and infestation of coffee berry
borers may already be affecting Ethiopian coffee crops. From 2002 to 2009,
coffee yields plunged by nearly 35 percent. Rising temperatures are threatening
the nation’s coffee crops by enabling infestations of insect pests that
decrease the quality and yield of coffee berries. Thus, the frequency and
severity of climatic extremes are increasing and making adaptation an absolute
necessity through using current information on climate variability to develop
long term plans for managing coffee berry borer via reducing the vulnerability
of Ethiopian coffee growers.