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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Combustion Characteristics of Animal Manures

  AUTHORS: Pravin Kumar Sahu, Suryakant Chakradhari, Satendra Dewangan, Khageshwar Singh Patel

  KEYWORDS: Livestock, Manure, Poultry, Heat Value, Particulate Matters

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.7 No.6, May 24, 2016

  ABSTRACT: A huge amount of waste from the cattle livestock and bird poultry are generated using as manure and solid fuel. In this work, the heat value and proximate parameters of livestock and poultry manures are described. The calorific value of manures (n = 22) was ranged from 2580 - 11,200 kcal/kg with mean value (p = 0.05) of 5333 ± 1073 kcal/kg. The effect of cattle age and additives i.e. NaNO3 and Na2WO4 in the heat value of the manures are discussed. The chemical characteristics of the emitted particulate matters (PM) and ash residues are highlighted.