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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Intramuscular Diffusion Status of Risperidone and Aripiprazole Long Acting Injectable (LAI) by Ultrasonography

  AUTHORS: Yuko Yasuhara, Tetsuya Tanioka, Kensaku Takase, Kazushi Motoki, Chie Watari, Koichi Makiguchi, Asumi Atsuta, Rozzano C. Locsin

  KEYWORDS: Diffusion Status, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Long Acting Injectable (LAI), Ultrasonography

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.6 No.2, March 31, 2016

  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to consider the characteristics of intramuscular diffusion status of risperidone and aripiprazole long acting injectable (LAI) by ultrasonography. Subjects were 40 adult subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with LAI [32 patients were risperidone LAI (RLAI) and 8 patients were aripiprazole LAI (ALAI)]. However, in this paper, only three cases (one RLAI case and 2 ALAI cases) were selected to illustrate the diffusion effects of both LAI. Dorsogluteal intramuscular (IM) injection sites were measured at prone position using the “double cross” method. Before LAI injection, the distance from the epidermis to the under-fascia (DEUF), and distance from the epidermis to the iliac bone (DEI) at the IM injection site were assessed by using ultrasonography: 1) the injection needle was inserted to the gluteus medius, and 2) observed the diffusion status within the muscle injected RLAI and ALAI were confirmed using the B-mode ultrasonography. Both RLAI and ALAI were depicted as high echogenicity with acoustic shadowing. It was considered that the diffusion states of LAIs by ultrasonography were important time course evaluations providing objective evidence.