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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: An Evolutionary Approach for Personalized Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

  AUTHORS: Ariosto S. Silva, Ashley Durand, Maria C. Ribeiro, Melissa Alsina, Kenneth Shain, Rachid Baz

  KEYWORDS: Multiple Myeloma, Adaptive Therapy, Evolutionary Dynamics, Competitive Release

  JOURNAL NAME: Applied Mathematics, Vol.7 No.2, February 17, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) respond well to initial therapy, but invariably relapse due to evolution of resistant phenotypes. Here we examine the evolutionary dynamics of proliferation of resistant MM phenotypes during therapy. By applying computational models to data from three clinical trials for newly diagnosed MM patients, we have quantified the size and level of chemoresistance of subpopulations within the tumor burden in 124 patients, prior to and during therapy. Subsequently, we used the computational models to explore an alternative strategy of “adaptive therapy” (AT), which includes defined treatment holidays, to improve the duration of “controlled disease” (CD). Simulations showed that AT could prolong CD in all three trials: 50.0% vs. 11.1% 50-month CD for a single agent approach in older adults (P = 0.0123), 80.4% vs. 58.8% 60-month CD for a multi-agent bortezomib based therapy (P = 0.0082), and 54.0% vs. 24.0% 60-month CD for a multi-agent lenalidomide based therapy (P