TITLE:
Biodiversity of the Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense
AUTHORS:
Xiaoling Zhang, Xiaoqing Tian, Liyan Ma, Bing Feng, Qiaohong Liu, Lidong Yuan, Chengqi Fan, Hongliang Huang, Hongliang Huang, Qiao Yang
KEYWORDS:
Symbiotic Bacteria, Alexandrium tamarense, Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, Biodiversity
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.3 No.6,
June
12,
2015
ABSTRACT:
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
toxins are potent neurotoxins mainly produced by dinoflagellates and being concentrated
in bivalves through food web transfer. Increasing number of findings of toxin-producing
bacteria in the cells of dinoflagellate such as Alexandriumtamarense supports the
hypothesis of the bacterial origin of PSP toxins. Evidence that there are specific
symbiosis bacterial taxa associated with the phytoplankton indicates the presence
of specific selective mechanisms between them, and implies that the symbiosis bacteria
have some vital function to the benefit of the dinoflagellates. Studies on the role
of toxin-producing symbiosis bacteria in the marine ecosystem are considered to
be becoming more important. Although toxigenic bacteria could be isolated from toxic
dinoflagellates, it was not clearly proven whether the isolated bacterial strains
based on culture-dependent manner and the corresponding intracellular bacteria were
the same because of microbial unculturability. This paper aims to demonstrate the
biodiversity of the symbiotic bacteria associated with toxic dinoflagellate A. tamarense
using the culture-indepen- dent high-throughput pyrosequencing method, as well as
the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences of the symbiotic cultivable
bacteria strains isolated from toxic Alexander tamarense.