TITLE:
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Testing Validity and Reliability of the Malay Language Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID)
AUTHORS:
Hardip Kaur Dhillon, Md. Zain Anuar Zaini, Kia Fatt Quek, Harbindar Jeet Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, Bin Nordin Rusli
KEYWORDS:
Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Malay Language, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis, Reliability
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine,
Vol.4 No.11,
November
13,
2014
ABSTRACT: This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay
language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study
Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials
and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to
the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living
in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory
factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The
reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α.
Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot
study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and
Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total
variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue
of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a
recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved
and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values
of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416,
indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance
matrices; 2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated
acceptable level of fit; 3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and
CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data; 4) RMSEA = 0.000 was
considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit
to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of
getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability.
Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for
diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.