Lucotte, G. and Diéterlen, F. Frequencies of M34, the Ultimate Genetic Marker of the Terminal Differenciation of the Napoléon the First’s Y-Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1b1c1, in Europe, Northern Africa and the Near East. International Journal of Anthropology (in Press).

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: An Autosomal STR Profile of Napoléon the First

  AUTHORS: Gérard Lucotte, Alexandra Bouin Wilkinson

  KEYWORDS: Napoléon the First, Hair Dandruff, Genomic DNA, Autosomal STR Profile

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Genetics, Vol.4 No.4, July 18, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Objective: We report the results of nuclear DNA analyses of Napoléon the First (Napoléon Bonaparte; 1769-1821). Design: His genomic DNA was extracted from dandruff adherent to his hair, coming from a lock of his hair dating from the year of 1811. Results: We obtained the complete STR (short tandem repeats) profile of Napoléon, based on fifteen autosomal loci. On this profile, ten loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, D3S1358, TH01, D16S539, D2S1338, vWa, D18S51 and FGA) are heterozygous; the most frequent alleles in Caucasians are present for only seven (allele 8 for TPOX and allele 11 for D5S818, allele 13 for D8S1179, allele 10 for D7S820, allele 9.3 for THO1, allele 12 for D16S539 and allele 24 for FGA) of the homozygous and heterozygous loci. Conclusions: So the discriminating power of this sort of genetic profile is elevated, permitting useful comparisons to other STR profiles in the future. Finally, an analysis of fifteen Y chromosomal STRs from the dandruff of this lock of hair confirms allele values of Napoléon already obtained or deduced for the corresponding loci in previous determinations.