TITLE:
Monitoring Instrumentation in Underground Structures
AUTHORS:
Alireza Maghsoudi, Behzad Kalantari
KEYWORDS:
Tunnel Hydraulic Fracturing, Flat Jack Test, Press Test (PMT), Plate Bearing, Test Extensometer, Piezometer, Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT)
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Civil Engineering,
Vol.4 No.2,
June
25,
2014
ABSTRACT:
Nowadays
underground structures are very important. Based on observations of
engineering; properties during geotechnical construction are an integral part
of the design of underground structures. This research presents instrumentation
as a tool to assist with these measurement observations, determine the need for
modifications to loading or support arrangement. Also apart from above
construction control, instrumentation is also indispensable for site
investigation, design verification and safety of the structure. Instrumentation
used in the construction of tunnels and subways can be implemented in three
stagesbefore,
during operation and during operation are examined. Metro Railway Tunnels are
constructed in populated area and have a more comprehensive instrumentation and
monitoring program that additionally includes monitoring of ground conditions,
underground water levels, tilt and settlement of nearby buildings or other
structures of interest in the vicinity of the tunnel alignment. Instrumentation
monitoring for metro railway tunnels includes monitoring of the structures
under construction together with the ground, buildings and other facilities
within the predicted zone of influence. Furthermore, instrumentation and subway
tunnels in and around them increase accuracy of the different layers of the
earth and excavation of the surrounding structures and make safety and
accuracy. This paper presents the features of sophisticated instrumentation
available today for geotechnical monitoring. A wide range of sophistic have
been described with their applications ted electronic and mechanical
instrumentation with different instrumentation schemes used to meet the
requirements of different types of structures.