40 CFR 146.16. 2007. Title 40—Protection of Environment, Chapter I—Environmental Protection Agency, Part 146—Underground Injection Control Program: Criteria and Standards, Subpart B—Criteria and Standards Applicable to Class I Wells, Sec. 146.16 Requirements for New Class I Municipal Wells in Certain Parts of Florida. GPO, Washington DC, 1 July 2007.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Analyses of Physical Data to Evaluate the Potential to Identify Class I Injection Well Fluid Migration Risk

  AUTHORS: Frederick Bloetscher

  KEYWORDS: Class I Injection UIC, Wastewater Disposal, Well, Risk, Migration, Florida

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.5 No.6, May 27, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Injection wells have been used for disposal of fluids for nearly 100 years. Design of injection well systems has advanced over the years, but environmental concerns due to the potential for migration of injected fluids remain. Fluids range from hazardous materials, to mining waste to treated wastewater. This paper presents an evaluation of wells injecting treated wastewater to assess which create the greatest risk to migration potential. Prior studies have looked at the risks of Class I injection wells for wastewater disposal, but limited data were available at that time. This research involved collecting data and evaluating the differences as a means to predict the potential for fluid migration in the wells. There were four issues that might portend migration: well depth-shallower wells tended to have more migration; the tightness of the confining unit immediately above the injection zone; well age; and the use of tubing and packers. Florida is moving away from tubing and packer wells which may be an indicative of this issue. The results provide a pathway to investigate injection wells in other states.