V. V. Tchernyi, “To Discovery of the Saturn Rings Origin: Possible Separation and Collision of the Saturn Rings Particles during Its Evolution Based on Superconductivity and Electromagnetism,” International Astronomical Union, Assembly, XXVII General Assembly, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 August 2009, Abstract Book, Symposium No. 263: Icy Bodies in the Solar System, Report No. 263, pp. 57, 63-64.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: About Role of Electromagnetism to the Saturn Rings Origin—To the Unified Theory of the Planetary Rings Origin

  AUTHORS: Vladimir V. Tchernyi

  KEYWORDS: Saturn System; Saturn Rings Origin; Saturn Rings Electromagnetism; Saturn Rings Superconductivity; Origin of Planetary Rings; Space Electromagnetism; Space Superconductivity

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.3 No.4, December 4, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Experimental data observation of the Saturn rings points to the conjecture that the particles constituting the rings may be superconductive. The main argument for this based on the fact that Saturn has a magnetic field and the temperature in its vicinity is low enough. Electromagnetic modeling shows the rings system emerges some time after appearance of the planetary magnetic field. Rings can be a result of the interaction of the superconducting carbon doped ice particles of the protoplanetary cloud with the nonuniform magnetic field. At the beginning all Keplerian orbits of the particles are located within protoplanetary cloud. After appearance of the magnetic field of Saturn, all iced particles demonstrate superconductivity and their orbits start to move to the magnetic equator plane where there is a minimum of magnetic energy. And then particles redistributed like iron particles nearby magnet on laboratory table forming system of rings and gaps. But rings particles are not stuck together because of Meissner phenomenon. The gravitational resonances and other interactions also play an important role and they help bring the order to the system of rings and gaps. It becomes to be clear why the rings appear only for the planets with magnetic field outside the asteroid belt such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Inside the asteroid belt Sun’s heat is destroying superconductivity. Scenario of the rings creation for all planets could be the same. So we are coming to the unified theory of the rings origin. The presented model allows enriching the well-known theories that treat gravitational, mechanical, gas-plasma, dusty plasma and magnetohydrodynamic interactions in a consistent way.