The Movement of Orbits and Their Effect on the Encoding of Letters in Partition Theory ()
1. Introduction
Let r be a non-negative integer. A partition
of r is a sequence of non-negative integers such that
and for all
,
Fix
is a partition of r, choosing an integer b greater than or equal to the number of parts of
and defining
. The set
is said to be the set of β-numbers for
, see [1].
Let e be a positive integer number greater than or equal to 2, we can represent β-numbers by a diagram called e-Abacus diagram.
e-Abacusdiagram.
where every
will be represented by a bead (●) which takes its location e-abacus diagram [2].
2. Orbits
The logic by which the value of partition is found has led some researchers to choose the concept of orbits for any form of e-abacus diagrams, see [3] and [4].
The basic idea of forming these orbits where
then e-abacus diagram will appear in an order that is very similar to (matrix mode). Now, if we consider that all that exists within the outer frame of this (matrix) frame is a second orbit and so we will have Table 1.
Table 1. The relation between the value of e and the number of orbits.
For example, if
. See Figure 1.
Figure 1. The relation between the value of e and the number of orbits.
And if
. See Figure 2.
Figure 2. The relation between the value of e and the number of orbits.
This concept will be applied with the coding that has been adopted on the English letters by Mahmood and Mahmood in [5] and [6].
3. Encoding English Letters
It is well known that there is a lot of research concerning coding or encoding on English letters, they all depend on each letter having a corresponding number from 0 to 25, hence a particular process begins with special conditions and takes a concept (mod 26), with the exception of Mahmood and Mahmood [5] and [6], they made a change to this concept through the use of e-abacus diagram away from the concept of (mod 26), as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. The partition of each English letters.
Note that, they are based on the value of e and the number of rows is equal to 5, for example R and H write.
Based on Figure 3, we have three orbits for each letter as shown below.
Figure 3. The relation between the value of e and the number of orbits.
3.1. Behavior of Each Orbit in e = 5
1) 1st-orbit: It is the outer orbit and the largest of all orbits where are 16 sites, we can change the locations according to the clock with one movement, two movements, … and up to 16 movements until we reach the origin of orbit. Since we always need to have the first location of this orbit empty so we can read the partition; see Mahmood in [7], we cancel this course and keep it as it is to preserve the overall frame of the form of partition.
2) 2nd-orbit: It is the middle orbit and has 8 locations.
3) 3rd-orbit: It is the last orbit that is usually fixed in place because it contains only one location.
If we assume that wt is the motion of the t-orbit where
, then we have the following.
such that
3.2.
The locations of the 2nd-orbit are
Its movement will be according to Figure 4.
Thus, we can make the following proposition:
Rule 3.2.1: when choosing a partition for any letter of the English language where
and the value of
was equal to the location
within [0; 1; 0] will be
Then, we have Table 3.
Table 3. The partition of each English letter after application w2 = 1.
3.3.
When
and applied to Table 2 separately, we produce the following rule:
Rule 3.3.1: when choosing a partition for any letter of English language where
and the value of
was equal to the number of location
within [0; 1; 0] will be:
1) If
, then we have:
2) If
, then
3) If
, then
4) If
, then
5) If
, then
6) If
, then
For example (See Table 4).
Table 4. The partition of R and N after application
.