Urban Violence in Northern Border of Mexico: A Study from Nuevo León State
Arun kumar Acharya
DOI: 10.4236/sm.2011.14023   PDF    HTML     5,729 Downloads   10,084 Views   Citations

Abstract

Urban violence has reached record level in many nations, and having devastating impact on people’s health and livelihood as well as economic prospects. Today, for millions of people around the world, violence, or the fear of violence, is a daily reality. In Mexico since the year 2006 the northern border states are become more violent due to fight against the drug trafficking. In this study, we have taken Nuevo León state as area of study, and we have seen from the result; that urban violence in Nuevo León has increased in an unprecedented manner during last few years. Much of this urban violence is a consequence of rural-to-urban migration and exponential urbanization. We have also seen in the study that urban violence is a multi-factorial phenomena and main reason behind this is inequality among city dwellers. This is a potential source of frustration which increasing risk of urban violence, especially if certain groups are underprivileged and suffers from social exclusion.

Share and Cite:

Acharya, A. (2011). Urban Violence in Northern Border of Mexico: A Study from Nuevo León State. Sociology Mind, 1, 177-182. doi: 10.4236/sm.2011.14023.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Benard, B. (1996). Resilience research: A foundation for youth development. New Designs for Youth Development, 12, 14-18. Jamaica: Community Youth Development.
[2] Benjamin, J. A. (1996). AIDS prevention for refugees: The case of rwandans in Tanzania. Aidscaptions, 3, 4-9.
[3] Blum, R. W., McNeely, C. A., & Reinhart, P. M. (2002). Improving the odds: The untapped power of schools to improve the health of teens. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Adolescent Health and Development.
[4] Brennan, E. (1999). Population, urbanization, environment, and security: A summary of the issues. Comparative Urban Studies Occasional Papers series, Number 22.
[5] Brockerhoff, M., & Brennan, E. (1998). The poverty of cities in developing regions. Population and development Review, 24, 75-114. doi:10.2307/2808123
[6] Bourguignon, F. (1999). Crime, violence and inequitable development. The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington D.C., 28-30 April 1999.
[7] Chiricos, T. (1987). Rates of crime and unemployment: An analysis of aggregate research evidence. Social Problems, 34, 187-211. doi:10.1525/sp.1987.34.2.03a00060
[8] Dunst, C. (1993). Implications of risk and opportunity factors for assessment and intervention practices. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 13, 143-153. doi:10.1177/027112149301300204
[9] Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D., & Loayza, N. (1998). Determinants of crime rates in Latin America and the world: An empirical assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
[10] Fajnzylber P., Lederman D., & Loayza N. (2002). What causes crime and violence. European Economic Review, 46, 1323-1357.
[11] Garbarino, J. (2001). An ecological perspective on violence. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 361-378. doi:10.1002/jcop.1022
[12] Garbarino, J (1995). Raising children in a socially toxic environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[13] Gurr, T. R. (1970). Why men rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[14] Hannerz, U. (1980), Exploring the city: Inquiries toward an urban anthropology. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
[15] Horowitz, D. L. (1985). Ethnic groups in conflict. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
[16] Huntington, S. P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
[17] Kaufmann, C. (1996). Possible and impossible solutions to ethnic civil wars. International Security, 20, 136-175.
[18] Moser, C., & McIlwaine, C. (2004b). Drugs, alcohol and community tolerance: An urban ethnography from Colombia and Guatemala. Environment and Urbanization, 16, 49-62.
[19] Muller, E. N. (1988). Inequality, Repression, and violence: issues of theory and research design. American Sociological Review, 53, 799- 806.
[20] Penglase, R. B. (2005). The shutdown of Rio de Janeiro: The poetics of drug trafficker violence. Anthropology Today, 21, 3-6. doi:10.1111/j.0268-540X.2005.00379.x
[21] Posen, B. (1993). The security dilemma and ethnic conflict. Survival, 35, 27-47.
[22] Rodgers, D. (2006-a). Living in the shadow of death: Gangs, violence and social order in urban Nicaragua, 1996-2002. Journal of Latin American Studies, 38, 267-292.
[23] Rodgers, D. (2005-a). Youth gangs and the perverse livelihoods strategies in Nicaragua: Challenging certain preconceptions and shifting the focus of the analysis. The Arusha Conference on New Frontiers of Social Policy, Tanzania, 12-15 December.
[24] Rosenberg, M. L., Butchart, A., Mercy, J., Narasimhan, V., Waters, H., & Marshall, M. S. (2002). Clear turn off turn on interpersonal violence - Disease control priorities in developing countries. Washington DC: World Bank.
[25] Sameroff, A., Seifer, R., Barocas, R., Zax, M., & Greenspan, S. (1987). Intelligence quotient scores of 4-year-old children: Socio-environmental risk factors. Pediatrics, 79, 343-350.
[26] Search Institute (1998). Healthy communities healthy youth tool kit. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Search Institute Publisher.
[27] Thomas, S. (2008). Urbanization as a driver of change. The Arup Journal, 1, 58-67.
[28] Winton, A. (2004). Urban violence: A guide to the literature. Environment and Urbanization, 16, 165-184.
[29] Zaidi, S. A. (1999). Urban safety and crime prevention. UMP-Asia Occasional Paper No. 42.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.