New Oscillation Criteria for the Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equations with Damping

Abstract

In this paper, we are concerned with a class of second-order nonlinear differential equations with damping term. By using the generalized Riccati technique and the integral averaging technique of Philos-type, two new oscillation criteria are obtained for every solution of the equations to be oscillatory, which extend and improve some known results in the literature recently.

Share and Cite:

Zhang, Q. , Song, X. and Liu, S. (2016) New Oscillation Criteria for the Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equations with Damping. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 4, 1179-1185. doi: 10.4236/jamp.2016.47122.

Received 28 May 2016; accepted 27 June 2016; published 30 June 2016

1. Introduction

Zhang and Yan discussed respectively the solutions’ oscillation of the second order nonlinear differential equation with damping in [1] - [3]

(1)

and obtained some useful results. On this basis, the paper continues this discussion of Equation (1). For Equation (1), assume that

(A1) is continuously differentiable;

(A2) are continuous functions, and for arbitrarily large t, , can change sign;

(A3) is continuously differentiable and when, , ,.

In this paper, we assume that each solution of Equation (1) can be extended to. A solution is said to be regular if there exists t on arbitrary interval, such that. A regular solution is said to be oscillatory, if it has arbitrarily large zeros; otherwise it is said to be nonoscillatory. Equation (1) is called oscillatory if all its regular solutions are oscillatory.

Many exceptions of Equation (1) have emerged in the literature, for example, the paper [4] discussed the oscillation of the second order linear differential equation with damping

(2)

2. Main Results

Using Philos-type integral average conditions, the new oscillatory results of Equation (1) is given as below. Function classes P is introduced, we define that

(3)

is called function belong to the class P, if there is satisfying

1);;

2) H exists non-positive and continuously partial derivatives for the second variable in, and satisfies the equation

(4)

Theorem 1. Assume that (A1) - (A3) hold, and,. The function belongs to the class of functions P and (4) holds. If there is an continuously differentiable function

making

(5)

then Equation (1) is oscillatory.

Proof. Suppose that is a nonoscillatory solution of Equation (1). We may assume without loss of gene- rality that with. we consider the function

(6)

From Equation (1), we get

So when we have

(7)

By the division integral formula and applying Equation (4), we have

(8)

So when, it follows

(9)

By (9), when, we get

(10)

The two sides of (10) are divided by, and we calculate the limit of the two sides of (10) when. So we have a contradiction to the condition (5). This completes the proof.

Corollary 1. In Theorem 1, if the condition (5) is replaced by the following conditions:

1)

2)

(11)

then Equation (1) is oscillatory.

Remark 1. In Theorem 1, if we select different functions and the different oscillation criteria

of Equation (1) can be obtained. For example, you can select or.

If the condition (5) is not satisfied, we can apply the following guidelines for determining oscillation of Equation (1).

Theorem 2. Assume that (A1) - (A3) hold, and. belongs to the class of functions P and (4) holds. Besides,

(12)

If there is a continuously differentiable function to make

(13)

and continuously function to make

(14)

hold when. Besides,

(15)

where. Then Equation (1) is oscillatory.

Proof. Suppose that is a nonoscillatory solutions of (1). And when, Define

(16)

We can get (10) as the proof of Theorem 1, i.e.

(17)

The two sides of the above result are divided by, then we calculate the limit of the two sides when. By (14), we get So

(18)

Define

(19)

By (9), we have

(20)

and by (14), we get

(21)

and

(22)

By (13) and (22) there is a sequence

(23)

such that

(24)

When we calculate the supper limit of (20) and apply (21), it follows

(25)

So for sufficiently large n, there is

(26)

Because

(27)

is increasing, we get Where or is a positive constant. Assume that, then

and by (26), we have

(28)

From (26) and (28), where is a constant.That is for sufficiently large

(29)

On the other hand, by the Schwarz inequality, we get

(30)

So

(31)

From (24), we have

(32)

There is an contradiction with (28) and (29). If with (18) we get

(33)

we obtain a contradiction to (15). This completes the proof. □

Remark 2. The theorems of this paper improve or extend the results in [1] - [12] . For Equation (1), Theorem 1 and 2 are new.

Finally, we give two examples.

Example 1. Consider the second-order differential equation with damping

(34)

where.

Now let, , , It is easy to verify that Equation (34) satisfies all the conditions of Theorem 1, so by Theorem 1, Equation (34) is oscillatory.

Example 2. Consider the second-order differential equation with damping

(35)

Here.

Now let, , , , so all the conditions of Theorem 2 are satis-

fied. By Theorem 2, Equation (35) is oscillatory on. But the other known results cannot be applied in Equation (35).

3. Conclusions and Outlook

In this paper, the two well-known results of Philos on the second order linear differential equation are extended to the second order nonlinear differential equations with damping term. As we all know, the motions under ideal conditions and vacuum are rare, but the motions with damping and disturbances are widespread. The discussion on the oscillation of the differential equation with damping term in our paper is of more practical significance. Moreover, the previous study on oscillation of the equation always assumed that, but the sign of and in our paper may change. Therefore, in this paper we extend and improve some of the results that are known in the previous study.

It is a deficiency of this paper that there is no discussion on delay. So in the follow-up study we will discuss the oscillation of the second order delay differential equations with damping, second order neutral delay differential equations and higher order delay differential equations with damping.

Acknowledgements

We thank the Editor and the referee for their comments. Research of Q. Zhang is funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China grant ZR2013AM003. This support is greatly appreciated.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Zhang, Q. and Yan, J. (2004) The Oscillation of the Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equations with Damping. Journal of Systems Science and Mathematical Science, 24, 296-302. (In Chinese)
[2] Zhang, Q. and Yan, J. (2007) Oscillatory Behavior of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equation with Damping. Journal of Mathematics, 27, 455-460. (In Chinese)
[3] Zhang, Q. and Yan, J. (2008) Oscillatory Behavior of the Second Order Nonlinear Delay Differential Equation. Pure and Applied Mathematics, 24, 646-653. (In Chinese)
[4] Yan, J. (1986) Oscillatory Theorems for Second Order Linear Differential Equations with Damping. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 98, 276-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1986-0854033-4
[5] Cecchi, M. and Marini, M. (1992) Oscillatory and Nonoscillatory Behavior of a Second Order Functional Differential Equation. Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, 22, 1259-1276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmjm/1181072653
[6] Rogovchenko, Yu.V. (2000) On Oscillation of a Second Order Nonlinear Delay Differential Equation. Funkcialaj Ekvacioj, 43, 1-29.
[7] Yeh, C.C. (1989) Oscillation Theorems for Second Order Nonlinear Perturbed Differentional Equations. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 138, 157-165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(89)90326-0
[8] Philos, Ch.G. (1989) Oscillation Theorems for Linear Differential Equations of Second Order. Archiv der Mathematik, 53, 482-492.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324723
[9] Zhang, Q., Liu, S. and Gao, L. (2011) Oscillation Criteria for Even-Order Half-Linear Functional Differentional Equations with Damping. Applied Mathematics and Letters, 24, 1709-1715.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2011.04.025
[10] Gao, L., Zhang, Q. and Liu, S. (2015) Oscillatory Behavior of Second-Order Half-Linear Neutral Differential Equations with Damping Term. Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics, 25, 463-471.
[11] Zhang, Q., Gao, L. and Wang, S. (2012) Oscillatory and Asymptotic Be-havior of a Second-Order Nonlinear Functional Differentional Equations. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 57, 914-922.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/57/6/02
[12] Song, X. and Zhang, Q. (2014) Bounded Oscillation for Second-Order Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations. Journal of Applied Mathematics & Informatics, 32, 447-454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14317/jami.2014.447

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.