Robust Optimal H_∞ Control for Uncertain 2-D Discrete State-Delayed Systems Described by the General Model

Arun Kumar Singh, Amit Dhawan

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India.

DOI: 10.4236/jsip.2016.72011                

Abstract

This paper investigates the problem of robust optimal H_∞ control for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) discrete state-delayed systems described by the general model (GM) with norm-bounded uncertainties. A sufficient condition for the existence of g-suboptimal robust H_∞ state feedback controllers is established, based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Moreover, a convex optimization problem is developed to design a robust optimal state feedback controller which minimizes the H_∞ noise attenuation level of the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords

2-D Discrete Systems, General Model, H_∞ Control, Linear Matrix Inequality, State Feedback, Uncertain System

Received 2 April 2016; accepted 24 May 2016; published 27 May 2016

1. Introduction

Over the past decades, the problem of control for 2-D discrete systems has drawn considerable attention. The main advantage of control is that its performance specification takes into account the worst-case performance of the system in terms of the system energy gain [1] . Based on this idea, many important results have been obtained in the literature [2] - [5] . Among these results, the problem of control and robust stabilization of 2-D discrete systems described by the Roesser model has been addressed in [2] . A solution to the problem of robust control for uncertain 2-D discrete systems represented by the general model (GM) via output feedback controllers has been presented in [3] . A 2-D filtering approach, based on the 2-D bounded real lemma, with an performance measure for 2-D discrete systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini (FM) second model has been developed in [4] . The dynamic output feedback stabilization problem for a class of 2-D discrete switched systems represented by the FM second model has been addressed in [5] .

It is well known that delay is encountered in many dynamic systems and is often a source of instability, thus, much attention has been focused on the problem of stability analysis and controller design for 2-D discrete state-delayed systems in the last few years [6] - [25] . In [6] , the problem of stability analysis for 2-D discrete state-delayed systems in the GM has been considered and sufficient conditions for stability have been derived via Lyapunov approach. The problem of delay-dependent guaranteed cost control for uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed system described by the FM second model has been presented in [7] . In [8] , the problem of robust guaranteed cost control for uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the FM second model has been considered. Several corrections in the main results of [8] have been made in [9] . In [10] , the guaranteed cost control problem via memory state feedback control laws for a class of uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the FM second model has been discussed. Robust reliable control of uncertain 2-D discrete switched state-delayed systems described by the Roesser model has been presented in [11] . The problem of positive real control for 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the FM second model via output feedback controllers has been addressed in [12] . In [13] , the problem of delay-dependent control for 2-D discrete state-delayed system described by the FM second model has been investigated. The problem of control for 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the FM second model has been studied in [14] and a method to design an optimal state feedback controller has been presented. Here, it may be mentioned that [14] considers the FM second model without uncertainties, but in the real world situation, the uncertainties in the system parameters cannot be avoided.

With this motivation, we consider the problem of robust optimal control for uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the GM. The approach adopted in this paper is as follows: We first establish a sufficient condition for the existence of g-suboptimal robust state feedback controllers in terms of a certain linear matrix inequality (LMI). Further, a convex optimization problem is introduced to select a robust optimal state feedback controller which minimizes the noise attenuation level g of the closed-loop system. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

2. Problem Formulation and Preliminaries

The following notations are used throughout the paper:

real vector space of dimension n.

set of real matrices.

null matrix or null vector of appropriate dimension.

identity matrix of appropriate dimension.

transpose of matrix.

stands for a block diagonal matrix.

matrix positive definite symmetric.

matrix negative definite symmetric.

Consider the uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the GM [26] .

(1a)

, (1b)

where are horizontal and vertical coordinates, , represent the state and control input, respectively, is the controlled output, is the noise input which belongs to and

(1c)

The matrices, , , and are known constant matrices representing the nominal plant;, , and are constant positive integers representing delays. The matrices, , , , , , , and represent parameter uncertainties in the system matrices, which are assumed to be of the form

(1d)

where , and are known structural matrices of uncertainty and is an unknown matrix representing parameter uncertainty which satisfies

(or equivalently,). (1e)

It is assumed that the system (1) has a finite set of initial conditions [6] , i.e., there exist two positive integers and, such that

(2)

Definition 1 [14] . The system described by (1) is asymptotically stable if with and the initial condition (2), where

Definition 2 [14] . Consider the system (1) with and the initial condition (2). Given a scalar and symmetric positive definite matrices the system (1) is said to have an noise attenuation if it is robustly stable and satisfies

(3)

where

and

The following well established lemmas are essential for the proof of our main results.

Lemma 1 [27] - [29] . Let and be given matrices. Then, there exist a positive definite matrix such that

(4)

for all satisfying if and only if there exists a scalar such that

(5)

Lemma 2 [30] . For real matrices of appropriate dimension, where and then if and only if

(6)

or equivalently

(7)

3. Main Results

3.1. Stability and H_¥ Performance Analysis

The following theorem gives a sufficient condition for the system (1) to have a specified noise attenuat­ion.

Theorem 1.Consider the system (1) with and initial condition (2), for a given positive scalar if there exist symmetric positive definite matrices satisfying and such that the following matrix inequality

(8)

holds, then the system (1) is asymptotically stable and has a specified noise attenuation.

Proof: To prove that the system (1) is asymptotically stable, we choose a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional [14]

(9)

where

It is explicit that.

The forward difference along any trajectory of the system (1) with and is given by

(10)

Applying Lemma 2 on matrix inequality (8), we obtain

(11)

Thus, from (11), it implies that Hence, system (1) is asymptotically stable.

In order to establish the performance of the system (1) with the control input for we consider

(12)

It follows from matrix inequality (8) that

(13)

Summing the inequality (13) over, we get

(14)

which implies

(15)

Inequality (15) can be re-written as

(16)

Since , and the inequality (16) leads to

(17)

Therefore, it follows from Definition 2 that the result of Theorem 1 is true. This completes the proof of Theorem 1.

When we consider the case of zero initial condition, then performance measure (3) reduces to

(18)

Using the 2-D Parseval’s theorem [31] , equation (18) is equivalent to

(19)

where represents the maximum singular value of the corresponding matrix and the transfer function from the noise input to the controlled output for the system (1) is

(20)

3.2. Robust Optimal H_¥ Controller Design

Consider the system (1) and the following state feedback controller

(21)

Applying the controller (21) to system (1) results in the following closed-loop system:

(22a)

(22b)

The following theorem presents a sufficient condition for the existence of a controller of the form (21) such that the closed-loop system (22) is asymptotically stable and the norm of transfer function (20) from the noise input to the controlled output for the closed-loop system (22) is smaller than g. Such controller is said to be a g-suboptimal robust state feedback controller for system (1).

Theorem 2. Consider the system (1) and initial condition (2). Given scalars and, if there exist a matrix and symmetric positive definite matrices such that

(23)

then the closed-loop system (22) has a specified noise attenuation and controller (21) with

(24)

is a g-suboptimal robust state feedback controller for the system (1).

Proof: Extending the matrix inequality (8) for the closed-loop system (22), we obtain

(25)

Applying Lemma 1 on (25), we get

(26)

Applying Lemma 2 in (26), we obtain

(27)

Pre-multiplying and post-multiplying both sides of the inequality (27) by we obtain

(28)

Denoting and in (28), the equivalence of (28) and (23) follows trivially from Lemma 2. This completes the proof of Theorem 2.

Remark 1. Note that, if there is no uncertainty in system (1) and we set, then LMI (23) coincides with the criteria for the existence of state feedback controllers for 2-D discrete state-delayed system given in [14] .

Theorem 2 presents a method of designing a set of g-suboptimal robust state feedback controllers (if they exist) in terms of feasible solutions to the LMI (23). In particular, the robust optimal controller which minimizes the noise attenuation g of the closed-loop system (22) can be determined by solving a certain optimization problem. Based on Theorem 2, the design problem of a robust optimal controller can be formulated as

(29)

s.t. (23).

4. Illustrative Examples

In this section, two examples illustrating the effectiveness of our proposed method are presented.

Example 4.1: Consider an uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed system given by (1) and initial condition (2) with

(30)

We wish to design a robust optimal controller for the above system. Using the Matlab LMI toolbox [30] [32] , it is found that the optimization problem (29) is feasible for the present example and the optimal solution is given by

(31)

Thus, the robust optimal state feedback controller is obtained as

(32)

Figure 1 shows the frequency response from noise input to the controlled output for the closed-loop system (22) over all frequencies i.e., ,. The peak value of the frequency response is 0.5029, which is lower than the specified level of attenuation

Example 4.2: Consider the thermal processes in chemical reactors, heat exchangers and pipe furnaces [33]

Figure 1. The frequency response.

[34] , which can be expressed by the following partial differential equation.

(33)

where is the temperature at space and time is the input function, and are the time delays, and are the space delays, and, , , , b are the real coefficients. Taking

, (34)

, (35)

(33) can be written in the following form:

(36)

where and, , is the integer function.

It is assumed that the surface of the heat exchanger is insulated and the heat flow through it is in steady state

condition, then we could take the boundary conditions as and, respectively.

Denoting it is easy to verify that (36) can be converted into the following 2-D state-delayed GM:

(37)

Let and the initial state satisfies the condition (2) with, To consider the problem of disturbance attenuation, the thermal process is modeled in the form (1) with

(38)

It is also assumed that the above system is subjected to the parameter uncertainties of the form (1c) and (1d) with

(39)

Now, using the Matlab LMI toolbox [30] [32] , it is found that the optimization problem (29) is feasible for the considered system and the optimal solution is obtained as

(40)

Thus, the robust optimal state feedback controller is given as

(41)

Figure 2. The frequency response.

Figure 2 shows the frequency response from noise input to the controlled output for the closed-loop system (22) over all frequencies i.e., ,. The peak value of the frequency response is 0.5002, which is lower than the above obtained specified level of attenuation

5. Conclusion

In this paper, the problem of robust optimal control for a class of uncertain 2-D discrete state-delayed systems described by the GM has been studied. A sufficient condition for the existence of g-suboptimal robust state feedback controller has been derived in terms of the feasible solutions to a certain LMI. The desired robust optimal controller has been obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. Finally, two illustrative examples have been provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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