RETRACTED: An Efficiency analysis of Gladiolus Cut-Flower in Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Usman^1*, Muhammad Ashfaq¹, Syed Asif Ali Naqvi¹, Asghar Al¹, Muhammad Ishaq Javed², Nasir Nadeem³, Muhammad Haseeb Raza¹, Muhammad Waseem¹

¹Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
²Agricultural Economist, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
³Burewala Sub-Campus, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

DOI: 10.4236/as.2015.67063                

Abstract

Short Retraction Notice

The paper does not meet the standards of "Agricultural Sciences".

This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.

Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Daniele De Wrachien (EiC of AS)

The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

Keywords

Cut-Flower, DEA, Efficiency, Gladiolus, Tobit Regression

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Zeb, J., Khan, Z. and Khan, A.S. (2007) Marketing of Floriculture in NWFP. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 23, 815-822.
[2]	Usman, M., Ashfaq, M. and Ali, I. (2013) Economics Analysis of Statice Cut-Flower Production in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50, 311-315.
[3]	Usman, M. and Ashfaq, M (2013) Economics Analysis of Tuberose Production in Punjab, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 29, 279-284
[4]	Usman, M., Ashfaq, M., Taj, S. and Abid, M (2013) An Economic Analysis of Rose Cut Flower in Punjab, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 24, 651-655.
[5]	Coelli, T., Rao, D.S.P. and Battese, G.E (1998) An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5493-6
[6]	Farrell, M. (1957) The Measurement of Productivity Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, 120, 253-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2343100
[7]	Lissitsa, A., Coelli, T. and Rao, D.S.P. (2005) Agricultural Economics Education in Ukrainian Agricultural Universities: An Efficiency Analysis using Data Envelopment Analysis. Proceedings of 11th International Congress of European Association of Agricultural Economists, Copenhagen, 24-27 August 2005.
[8]	Latruffe, L., Balcombe, K., Davidova, S. and Zawalinska, K. (2002) Technical and Scale Efficiency of Crop and Livestock Farms in Poland: Does Specialization Matter? Working Paper Series No. 02-06, INRA.
[9]	Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rhodes, E. (1978) Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
[10]	Haji, J (2006) Production Efficiency of Small Holder’s Vegetable Dominated Mixed Farming System in Eastern Ethiopia: A Non-Parametric Approach. Journal of African Economies, 16, 1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejl044
[11]	Ogunyinka, E.B. and Ajibefun, I.A. (2004) Determinants of Technical Inefficiency on Farm Production: Tobit Analysis Approach to the NDE Farmers in Ondo Stata, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6, 355-358.
[12]	Krasachat, W. (2003) Technical Efficiencies of Rice Farms in Thailand: A Nonparametric Approach. Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on Business, Honolulu, 18-21 June 2003.
[13]	Long, J.S. (1997) Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. SAGE Publications, London. https://nbecerra.files.wordpress.com/
[14]	Abdulai, A. and Eberlin, R. (2001) Technical Efficiency during Economic Reform in Nicaragua: Evidence from Farm Household Survey Data. Economic System, 25, 113-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0939-3625(01)00010-3
[15]	Dolisca, F. and Jolly, M.C. (2008) Technical Efficiency of Traditional and Non-Traditional Crop Production: A Case Study from Haiti. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 416-426.
[16]	Islam, K.M.Z., Sumelius, J. and Backman, S. (2012) Do Differences in Technical Efficiency Explain the Adoption Rate of HYV Rice? Evidence from Bangladesh. Agricultural Economics Review, 13, 93-110.
[17]	Huffman, W.E. (2001) Human Capital: Education and Agriculture. In: Gardener, G.L. and Rausser, G.C., Eds., Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Elsevier (North Holland), Amsterdam, 334-381.
[18]	Banik, A. (1994) Technical Efficiency of Irrigated Farms in a Village of Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 49, 70-78.
[19]	Hollaway, G., Shankar, B. and Rahman, S. (2002) Bayesian Spatial Probit Estimation: A Primer and an Application to HYV Rice Adoption. Agricultural Economics, 27, 383-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2002.tb00127.x
[20]	Abedullah, Kouser, S. and Mushtaq, K. (2007) Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Rice Production in Punjab (Pakistan) Implications for Future Investment Strategies. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 45, 231-244.