RETRACTED: Coupling Numerical Simulation and Field Experiment to Optimize Vegetation Arrangement for Pleasant Outdoor Wind Environment in Residential District

Bo Hong^*, Fang Chen, Peng Ren

College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China.

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.64037                

Abstract

Short Retraction Notice

The paper does not meet the standards of "Journal of Environmental Protection".

This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.

Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Qingren Wang (EiC of JEP)

The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

Keywords

Outdoor Wind Environment, Numerical Simulation, Field Experiment, Vegetation, Optimum Design

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Taha, H. (1997) Urban Climates and Heat Islands: Albedo, Evapotranspiration and Anthropogenic Heat. Energy and Buildings, 25, 99-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(96)00999-1
[2]	Mochida, A. and Lun, Y.F. (2006) Prediction of Wind Environment and Thermal Comfort at Pedestrian Level in Urban Area. 4th International Symposium on Numerical Wind Engineering (CWE 2006), Yokohama, July 2006, 33-60.
[3]	McPherson, E.G. and Rowntree, R.A. (1993) Energy Conservation Potential of Urban Tree Planting. Journal of Arboriculture, 19, 321-331.
[4]	Gong, J.Z., Liu, Y.S., Xia, B.C. and Zhao, G.W. (2009) Urban Ecological Security Assessment and Forecasting, Based on a Cellular Automata Model: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China. Ecological Modeling, 220, 3612-3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.018
[5]	Li, J. and Sun, P. (2009) Discussion on Beijing Residential Area Greening in New Era. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 6, 96-98.
[6]	Chen, H., Ooka, R. and Murakami, S. (2001), Study on Air Quality in Urban Area Using Scale for Ventilation Efficiency. The Effect of Building Shape and Its Arrangement on Ventilation Efficiency in Urban Area. Annual Technical Meetings of Architectural Institute of Japan, Japan, 933-934.
[7]	Ashie, Y., Murakammi, S. and Morigawa, T. (2002) CFD Analyses on Effects of Wind from Rivers on Outdoor Thermal Environment. Part 2: Control of Thermal Environment Based on Building Layout. Annual Technical Meetings of Architectural Institute of Japan, Japan, 881-882.
[8]	Ooka, R., Chen, H. and Kato, S. (2008) Study on Optimum Arrangement of Trees for Design of Pleasant Outdoor Environment Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and Coupled Simulation of Convection, Radiation and Conduction. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1733-1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.039
[9]	Lin, T.P., Matzarakis, A. and Hwang, R.L. (2010) Shading Effect on Long-Term Outdoor Thermal Comfort. Building and Environment, 45, 213-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.06.002
[10]	Yoshida, S., Murakami, S., Ooka, R., Mochida, A. and Tominaga, Y. (2000) CFD Prediction of Thermal Comfort in Microscale Wind Climate. The International Symposium on Numerical Wind Engineering (CWE 2000), Birmingham, 27-30.
[11]	Shashua-Bar, L. and Hoffman, M. (2000) Vegetation as a Climatic Component in the Design of an Urban Street: An Empirical Model for Predicting the Cooling Effect of Urban Green Areas with Trees. Energy and Buildings, 31, 221-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00018-3
[12]	Feng, N., Ma, J., Lin, B.R. and Zhu, Y.X. (2009) Impact of Landscape on Wind Environment in Residential Area. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 16, 80-83.
[13]	Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry (BMBLF) (2003) Code for Design of Greenland in Resident Areas (Revision). DB11/T-214.
[14]	Yao, P. and Huang, L. (2008) Winter Plant-Landscape Design on the Residential Area of Beijing. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Science, 36, 106-107.
[15]	Lin, B.R., Li, X.F., Zhu, Y.X. and Qin, Y.G. (2008) Numerical Simulation Studies of the Different Vegetation Patterns’ Effect on Outdoor Pedestrian Thermal Comfort. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1707-1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.006
[16]	Mochida, A., Tabata, Y., Iwata, T. and Yoshino, H. (2008) Examining Tree Canopy Models for CFD Prediction of Wind Environment at Pedestrian Level. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1667-1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.055
[17]	Schilling, V. (1991) A Parameterization for Modeling the Meteorological Effects of Tall Forests—A Case Study of a Large Clearing. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 55, 283-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122581
[18]	Omori, T., Yamaguchi, S. and Taniguchi, H. (1998) Accurate Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiative Heat Transfer with Unstructured Grid Systems. 11th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena, 567-573.
[19]	Hong, B., Lin, B.R., Wang, B. and Li, S.H. (2012) Optimal Design of Vegetation in Residential District with Numerical Simulation and Field Experiment. Journal of Central South University, 19, 688-695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-012-1058-6
[20]	Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A., Yoshie, R., Kataoka, H., Nozu, T., Yoshikawa, M. and Shirasawa, T. (2008) AIJ Guidelines for Practical Application of CFD to Pedestrian Wind Environment around Buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96, 1749-1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058
[21]	Hong, B., Lin, B.R., Hu, L.H. and Li, S.H. (2011) Optimal Tree Design for Sunshine and Ventilation in Residential District Using Geometrical Models and Numerical Simulation. Building Simulation, 4, 351-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-011-0056-1