Adsorption Kinetics of Matter Contained in a Leachate Using Eggshell and Activated Carbon

Erika Zamora-Villafranco, Icela D. Barceló-Quintal, Sergio Gomez-Salazar, Manuel Barceló-Quintal, Hugo E. Solís-Correa, Jesús Manuel Soriano-Rodríguez

Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara-Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Guadalajara, Mexico.
División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Azcapotzalco, área de Química y Fisicoquímica Ambiental, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico.
Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.57062                

Abstract

The generation of highly polluting leachate from Sanitary Landfills has prompted the development of technologies applicable to treatment of these liquids. The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of adsorption of organic and inorganic matter contained in pre-treated leachate (by advanced oxidation by the Fenton reaction); after two adsorbents were used, first eggshell and then activated carbon. To determine the content of organic and inorganic matter COD was measured; this was the parameter for monitoring the kinetics. The leachate was subjected to advanced oxidation treatment by the Fenton reaction, then the adsorption process was conducted by batch, in two consecutive steps, the first step was the use of eggshell and the second step activated carbon. Due to the oxidation treatment the pH value decreased to 2, after the adsorption eggshell the pH increased to 6.9 and this was maintained in the treatment with activated carbon. The kinetics of adsorption of organic and inorganic matter on eggshell was evaluated by models pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, the better fitting was the latter. The adsorption process was adjusted to the model of Langmuir. The negative value of △H_ads indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous and favorable. The separation factor R_L of Langmuir Isotherm values indicated that the adsorption of the matter on the eggshell was favorable at different temperatures. Finally, the activated carbon adsorption of liquid obtained from treatment with eggshell was favored with the kinetic model of pseudo second order. With the oxidation process, eggshell adsorption and activated carbon adsorption, the removal COD was 98.6%. The final COD value was fulfilled with the Mexican standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996.

Keywords

Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Eggshell, Kinetics, Leachate

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Lema, J.M., Mendez, R. and Blazquez, R. (1988) Characteristics of Landfill Leachates and Alternatives for Their Treatment: A Review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 40, 223-250.
[2]	Baig, S., Coulomb I, Courant, P. and Liechti, P. (1999) Treatment of Landfill Leachates: Lapeyrouse and Satrod Case Studies. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 21, 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919519908547255
[3]	Scott, J.P. and Ollis, D.F. (1995) Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment. Review and Recommendations. Environmental Progress, 14, 88-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670140212
[4]	Barcelo-Quintal, I., Zamora-Villafranco, E., Mendez-Novelo, R., Giacoman-Vallejos, G., Tello-Espinoza, P. and Salazar-Pelaez, M. (2013) Uso del residuo de cascara de huevo para adsorber lixiviados previamente tratados por un proceso de oxidacion avanzada. Proceedings 5 Congreso Interamericano de Residuos Solidos DIRSA-AIDIS, Lima Peru, 22-24 May 2013.
[5]	Cortez, S., Teixeira, P., Oliveira, R. and Mota, M. (2010) Fenton’s Oxidation as Post-Treatment of a Mature Municipal Landfill Leachate. IJCEE, 2, 40-43.
[6]	Hermosilla, D., Cortijo, M. and Huang, C.P. (2009) Optimizing the Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Conventional Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes. Science of The Total Environment, 407, 3473-3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.009
[7]	Maranon, E., Castrillon, L., Fernandez-Nava, Y., Fernandez-Mendez, A. and Fernandez-Sanchez, A. (2009) Tertiary Treatment of Landfill Leachates by Adsorption. Waste Management & Research, 27, 527-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X08096900
[8]	Arami, M., Limaee, Y.N., Mahmoodi, N.M. and Tabrizi, S.N. (2006) Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies for the Adsorption of Direct and Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Soy Meal Hull. Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 135, 171-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.044
[9]	Arunlertaree, C., Kaewsomboon, W., Kumsopa, A., Pokethitiyook, P. and Panyawathanakit, P. (2007) Removal of Lead from Battery Manufacturing Wastewater by Egg Shell. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 29, 857-868.
[10]	Kalyani, G., Babu, G., Vijaya, B. and Prasanna, Y. (2009) Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Biosorption of Zinc onto Gallusdomesticus Shell Powder. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4, 39-49.
[11]	Karaca, S., Gürses, A. and Bayrak, R. (2005) Investigation of Applicability of the Various Adsorption Models of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Lignite/Water Interface. Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 33-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.02.008
[12]	SCFI (1980) Secretaria de Comercio y Fomento Industrial, Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-003-1980: Aguas residuales. —Muestreo. Diario Oficial de la Federacion, 25 March 1980.
[13]	Standard Methods (1997) Standard Methods 5520 C, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[14]	Standard Methods (1997) Standard Methods 5520 D, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[15]	SCFI (2011) Secretaria de Economia, Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-008-SCFI-2011: Analisis de agua—Determinacion del pH—Metodo de prueba. Diario Oficial de la Federacion, 5 October 2011.
[16]	Langergren, S. and Svenska, B.K. (1898) Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloester stoffe. Veternskapsakad Handlingar, 24, 1-39.
[17]	Hameed, B.H., Ahmad, A.A. and Aziz, N. (2007) Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Acid Dye Adsorption on Activated Palm Ash. Chemical Engineering Journal, 133, 195-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.01.032
[18]	Ho, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1999) Pseudo-Second-Order Model for Sorption Processes. Process Biochemistry, 34, 451-465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
[19]	Weber, W.J. and Morriss, J.C. (1963) Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, 89, 31-60.
[20]	Gouamid, M., Ouahrani, M.R. and Bensaci, M.B. (2013) Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Date Palm Leaves. Energy Procedia, 36, 898-907.
[21]	Laidler, K.J. and Meiser, J.H. (1997) Fisicoquimica. Compania Ed., Continental S.A de C.V., Mexico, 165.
[22]	Witoon, T. (2011) Characterization of Calcium Oxide Derived from Waste Eggshell and Its Application as CO2 Sorbent. Ceramics International, 37, 3291-3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.05.125
[23]	Rauf, N., Tahir, S.S., Kang, J.H. and Chang, Y.S. (2012) Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Kinetics Studies for the Removal of Alpha and Beta Endosulfan by Adsorption onto Bentonite Clay. Chemical Engineering Journal, 192, 369-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.047
[24]	SEMARNAT (1996) Secretaria de medio ambiente y recursos naturales, Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996: Limites maximos permisibles de contaminantes en las descargas de aguas residuales en aguas y bienes nacionales. Diario Oficial de la Federacion, 6 January 1997.