In Vivo Evaluation of Titanium Implants Bioactivated by a Modified Kokubo’s Treatment

Jailson de Jesus, Enori Gemelli, Fábio Nery, Nelson H. A. Camargo

Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Santa Catarina State, Campus Universitário, Joinville, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2014.22004                

Abstract

In this study a modified Kokubo’s treatment (MKT) was used to bioactivate titanium implants. Titanium surfaces were alumina-blasted and etched in HCl/H2SO4 solution followed by treatment in autoclave at 120°C for 1, 3, 5 hour periods with chemical solutions containing 1, 2 and 3 M of NaOH. The materials were characterized by surface angle measurements, roughness, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in vivo tests. Statistical analysis by polynomial regression showed that solutions within 2.2 and 2.8 M NaOH lead to surface contact angles close to zero degree after 1 h of treatment. XPS analysis carried out on a sample treated 1 h in 2.2 M NaOH indicated the presence of a titanate film. This solution was selected to treat titanium implants for in vivo tests. These tests were performed on sheep in three types of separating surfaces: machined group (standard), SLA group (A) and MKT group (B) divided into two time intervals of 3 and 6 weeks. The samples in group B displayed better results compared to group A only after 6 weeks in terms of counter torque and bone implant contact (BIC).

Keywords

Titanium; Thermochemical Treatment; Wettability; In Vivo Test

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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