A Design of Swastika Shaped Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM/WLAN Application

Vivek Singh Rathor, Jai Prakash Saini

Department of EC, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, India.
Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India.

DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2014.63005                

Abstract

This paper presents a compact microstrip patch antenna at operating frequency of 2.5 GHz. The radiating element of the proposed antenna consists of Swastika symbol patch using dielectric substrate 4.2, loss tangent 0.0012 and having the same substrate height 1.6 mm. The antenna size is very compact (28.8 mm × 37.2 mm × 1.6 mm) and covers 1.696 GHz to 2.646 GHz and can be used for GSM and WLAN applications. Using IE3D software package of Zealand, the designed antenna is simulated. The computer simulation results show that the antenna can realize wideband characteristics having good impedance bandwidth of 43.758% (VSWR ≤ 2) for all resonant frequencies. Our aim is to reduce the size of the antenna as well as increase the impedance bandwidth.

Keywords

Microstrip Antenna; Wide Band; Swastika Shape; IE3D

2. Antenna Design

The dielectric constant of the substrate is closely related to the size and the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. Low dielectric constant of the substrate produces larger bandwidth. The resonant frequency of microstrip antenna and the size of the radiation patch can be similar to the following formulas while the high dielectric constant of the substrate results in smaller size of antenna [1]. Figure 1 shows the geometry of the design in which the Length of ground plane of Antenna is 38.4 mm and Width is 46.8 mm, L & W of the patch is 28.8 mm & 37.2 mm.

The patch width, effective dielectric constant, the length extension and also patch length are given by

(1)

where c is the velocity of light,  is the dielectric constant of substrate, f is the antenna working frequency, W is the patch non resonant width, and the effective dielectric constant is  given as,

(2)

Figure 1. Top view of the microstrip patch antenna.

The extension length is calculates as,

(3)

By using above equation we can find the value of actual length of the patch as,

(4)

3. Simulated Results

In this paper a compact wideband microstrip antenna with compact size is presented which gives a bandwidth of around 43.578%. This bandwidth covers the frequency bands of GSM and WLAN (lower band) application. Figure 2 shows the return loss graph of microstrip antenna depicting the two resonant points at 1.8 GHz and 2.49 GHz and the simulated return loss is −25.6 dB and −22.64 dB respectively. Figure 3 shows the VSWR graph which is less than 2. Figure 4 shows the smith chart of the proposed design. Figure 5 shows the 3D radiation pattern of the proposed design. Figure 6 shows the Axial ratio graph which is near to zero and Figure 7 shows the Efficiency Vs Frequency curve which shows a high antenna efficiency of about 95% and radiating efficiency of about 95%. Figure 8 shows the Gain Vs Frequency curve which shows maximum gain is achieved around 3 dBi and Figure 9 shows the Maximum Directivity of 5 dBi.

4. Conclusion

In this paper a compact size microstrip antenna has been designed having good impedance matching as well as high antenna; efficiency of about 95% is achieved. The proposed antenna has larger impedance bandwidth of

Figure 2. Return loss plot of the microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 3. VSWR plot of the microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 4. Smith chart of the microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 5. 3D Radiation pattern plot of the microstrip patch.

Figure 6. Axial ratio of the microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 7. Efficiency plot of the microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 8. Maximum gain plot of microstrip patch antenna.

Figure 9. Directivity plot of microstrip patch antenna.

43.578% covering the frequency range from 1.696 GHz to 2.646 GHz which is suitable for PCS-1900, GSM and WLAN (802.11b) applications.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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