Operating microscope in endodontics: A systematic review

Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly Lins, Elma Mariana Verçosa de Melo Silva, Georgina Agnelo de Lima, Silvio Emanuel Acioly Conrado de Menezes, Rosana Maria Coelho Travassos

Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), Recife, Brazil.
Department of Prosthetics and Oral and Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2013.39A001                

Abstract

The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature about the use of the operating microscope in endodontics. It used sources of bibliographic cataloging electronically identified by MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, BBO and Scopus, using as descriptors: Endodontics, anatomy and microscopy. The selected articles were identified from the titles and abstracts, taking into consideration the following criteria: publications ranging from January 2001 to November 2012, case reports, published in an indexed journal, and publications in English language. The search showed 167 articles related to this topic, and these 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. These indicated that a higher magnification helps coronary access and the location of channels to identify and interpret the complexities of the anatomy of root canals, the removal of nuclei and intracoronary fractured instruments, to minimize trauma of surgeries in soft and hard tissues, and detect fractures and microfractures. It was found that its use has provided Endodontics with a significant improvement in vision of the operative field, offering better quality jobs and a higher success rate.

Keywords

Endodontics; Anatomy; Microscope; Systematic Review

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Fregnani, E. and Hizatugu, R. (2012) Endodontics: A contemporay view. 1 Edition, Santos Press, São Paulo.
[2]	Feix, L.M., Boijink, D., Ferreira, R., Wagner, M.H. and Barletta, F.B. (2010) Operating microscope in Endodontics: Visual magnification and luminosity. South Brazilian Dentistry Journal, 7, 340-348.
[3]	Carr, G.B. (1992) Microscopes in endodontics. Journal of the California Dental Association, 20, 55-61.
[4]	Kim, S. and Baek, S. (2004) The microscope and endodontics. Dental Clinics of Nortth America. 48, 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2003.12.001
[5]	Calderón, M.G., Lagares, D.N., Vázquez, C.C., Gargallp, J.U. and Pérez, J.L.G. (2007) The application of microscopic surgery in dentistry. Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirurgía Bucal, 12, 311-316.
[6]	Castellucci, A. (2003) Magnification in endodontics: The use of the operating microscopes. Practical Procedures & Aesthetic Denistry, 15, 377-384.
[7]	Marques, K.C.A., Motta Júnior, A.G., Fidel, R.A.S. and Fidel, S.R. (2008) Clinic adequation of surgical microscope on dental treatment. Revista Cientific of HCE, 2, 70-72.
[8]	Ianes, C.I., Nica, L.M., Stratul, S. and Carligeriu, V. (2011) Endodontic retreatment of a mandibular first molar with five root canals: a case report. Timisoara Medical Journal, 61, 125-130.
[9]	Kottoor, J., Velmurugan, N. and Surendran, S. (2011) Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with eight root canal systems evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scanning: A case report. Journal of Endodontics, 37, 715-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.01.008
[10]	Dávalos, P.M.E., Aznar, F.D.C. and Morra, D.E.F. (2010) Microscopio operatorio en endodoncia Revisión de la literatura. Acta Odontológica Venezuelana, 48, 1-6.
[11]	Sathorn, C. and Parashos, P. (2007) Contemporary treatment of class II dens invaginatus. Internation Endodontic Journal, 40, 308-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01205.x
[12]	Cunha, R.S., Davini, F., Fontana, C.E., Miguita, K.B. and Bueno, C.E.S. (2011) The microsonics concept: Maxillary first molar with five root canals: Case report. South Brazilian Dentistry Jounal, 8, 231-235.
[13]	Karumaran, C.S., Gunaseelan, R. and Krithikadatta, J. (2011) Microscope-aided endodontic treatment of maxillary first premolars with three roots: A case series. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 22, 706-708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.93460
[14]	Kaneko, T., Sakaue, H., Okiji, T. and Suda, H. (2011) Clinical management of dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor with the aid of conebeam computed tomography: A case report. Dental Traumatology, 27, 478-483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01021.x
[15]	Narayana, P., Hartwell, G.R., Wallace, R. and Nair, U.P. (2012) Endodontic clinical management of a dens invaginatus case by using a unique treatment approach: A case report. Journal of Endodontics, 38, 1145-1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.020
[16]	Silva, E.J.N.L. and Zaia, A.A. (2012) Open apex Type III dens invaginatus: A rare case report of an endodontic retreatment with an anatomical redesign. General Dentistry, 60, 389-392.
[17]	Girsch, W.J. and McClammy, T.V. (2002) Microscopic removal of dens invaginatus. Journal of Endodontics, 28, 336-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200204000-00020
[18]	Jung, M. (2004) Endodontic treatment of dens invaginatus type III with three root canals and open apical for amen. International Endodontic Journal, 37, 205-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00778.x
[19]	Moor, R.J.G. and Calberson, F.L.G. (2005) Root canal treatment in a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. Journal of Endodontics, 31, 310-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000140578.36109.c0
[20]	Yilmaz, Z., Tuncel, B., Serper, A. and Calt, S. (2006) Cshaped root canal in a maxillary first molar: A case report. International Endodontic Journal, 39, 162-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01069.x
[21]	Tzanetakis, G.N., Lagoudakos, T.A. and Kontakiotis, E.G. (2007) Endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four canals using operating microscope. Journal of Endodontics, 33, 318-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.08.006
[22]	Kontakiotis, E.G. and Tzanetakis, G.N. (2007) Four canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. A case report under the operating microscope. Australian Endodontic Journal, 33, 84-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2007.00068.x
[23]	Kottoor, J., Velmurugan, N., Sudha, R. and Hemamalathi, S. (2010) Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography scanning: A case report. Journal of Endodontics, 36, 915-921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.015
[24]	Karthikeyan, K. and Mahalaxmi, S. (2010) New nomenclature for extra canals based on four reported cases of maxillary first molars with six canals. Journal of Endodontics, 36, 1073-1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.001
[25]	Kottoor, J., Sudha, R. and Velmurugan, N. (2010) Middle distal canal of the mandibular first molar: A case report and literature review. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 714-722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01737.x
[26]	Sachdeva, G.S., Malhotra, D., Sachdeva, L.T., Sharma, N. and Negi, A. (2012) Endodontic management of mandibular central incisor fused to a supernumerary tooth associated with a talon cusp: A case report. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 590-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02029.x
[27]	Ward, J.R. (2003) The use of an ultrasonic technique to remove a fractured rotary nickel-titanium instrument from the apical third of a curved root canal. Australian Endodontic Journal, 29, 25-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2003.tb00492.x
[28]	Ward, J.R., Parashos, P. and Messer, H.H. (2003) Evaluation of an ultrasonic technique to remove fractured rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments from root canals: Clinical cases. Journal of Endodontics, 29, 764-767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200311000-00018
[29]	Nunes, E., Silveira, F.F., Soares, J.A., Duarte, M.A. and Soares, S.M. (2012) Treatment of perforating internal root resorption with MTA: A case report. Journal of Oral Science, 54, 127-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.54.127