[1]
|
B. C. Blount, K. E. Milgram, M. J. Silva, N. A. Malek, J. A. Reidy and L. L. Needham, “Quantitative Detection of Eight Phthalate Metabolites in Human Urine Using HPLC-APCI-MS/M,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 72, No. 17, 2000, pp. 4127-4134. doi:10.1021/ac000422r
|
[2]
|
R. W. Moore, T. A. Rudy, T. Lin, K. Ko and R. E. Peterson, “Abnormalities of Sexual Development in Male Rats Uterus and Lactational Exposure to the Antiandrogenic Plasticizers Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, 2001, pp. 229-237.
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109229
|
[3]
|
M. L. Ward, G. Bitton and T. Townsend, “Heavy Metal Binding Capacity (HMBC) of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachates,” Chemosphere, Vol. 60, No. 2, 2005, pp. 206-215. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.054
|
[4]
|
M. Ema, E. Miyawaki and K. Kawashima, “Effects of Dibutyl Phthalate on Reproduction Function in Pregnant a Pseudo Pregnant Rats,” Reproductive Toxicology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2000, pp. 13-19.
doi:10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00066-0
|
[5]
|
I. Colon. D. Caro, C. J. Bourdony and O. Rasario, “Identification of Phthalate Esters in the Serum of Young Puerto Rican Girls with Premature Breast Development,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 108, No. 9, 2000, pp. 895-900. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108895
|
[6]
|
S. H. Swan, K. M. Main, F. Liu and S. L. Stewart, “Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 113, No. 8, 2005, pp. 1056-1061. doi:10.1289/ehp.8100
|
[7]
|
J. S. Fisher, “Human Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Possible Model Using In-Utero Exposure of the Rat to Dibutyl Phthalate,” Human Reproduction, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2003, pp. 1383-1394. doi:10.1093/humrep/deg273
|
[8]
|
S. M. Duty, M. J. Silva, D. B. Barr, J. W. Brock, L. Ryan, Z. Chen, R. F. Herrick, D. C. Christiani and R. Hauser, “Phthalate Exposure and Human Semen Parameters,” Epidemiology, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2003, pp. 269-277. doi:10.1097/01.EDE.0000059950.11836.16
|
[9]
|
R. Rozati, P. P. Reddy, P. Reddanna and R. Mujtaba, “Role of Environmental Estrogens in the Deterioration of Male Factor Fertility,” Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1187-1194.
doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04389-3
|
[10]
|
G. Latini, “In-Utero Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phtha- late and Human Pregnancy Duration,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 111, No. 4, 2003, pp. 1783- 1785. doi:10.1289/ehp.6202
|
[11]
|
J. J. K. Jaakkola, L. Oie and P. Nafstad, “Interior Surface Materials in the Home and the Development of Bronchial Obstruction in Young Children in Oslo, Norway,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, No. 2, 1999, pp. 188-192. doi:10.2105/AJPH.89.2.188
|
[12]
|
J. A. Hoppin, R. Ulmer and S. J. London, “Phthalate Exposure and Pulmonary Function,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 112, No. 5, 2004, pp. 571-574. doi:10.1289/ehp.6564
|
[13]
|
C. G. Bornehag, J. Sundell and C. J. I. Weschler, “The Association between Asthma and Allergic Symptoms in Children and Phthalates in House Dust: A Nested Case- Control Study,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 112, No. 14, 2004, pp. 1393-1397. doi:10.1289/ehp.7187
|
[14]
|
K. Kato, M. J. Silva, L. L. Needham and A. M. Calafat, “Determination of 16 Phthalate Metabolites in Urine using Automated Sample Preparation and On-Line Pre- Concentration/High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 77, No. 9, 2005, pp. 2985-2991.
doi:10.1021/ac0481248
|
[15]
|
European Environmental Agency (EEA), “Comparative Research in Endocrine Disrupters, Phylogenetic Approach and Common Principles Focusing on Androgenic/ Antiandrogenic Compounds (COMPRENDO),” Copenhagen, 2005.
|
[16]
|
M. J. Silva, J. A. Reidy, E. Samander, A. R. Herbert, L. L. Needham and A. M. Calafat, “Detection of Phthalates Metabolitesin Human Saliva,” Archives of Toxicology, Vol. 79, No. 11, 2005, pp. 647-652.
doi:10.1007/s00204-005-0674-4
|
[17]
|
G. Rock, R. Labow and M. Tochi, “Distribution of Di(2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalates and Products in Blood and Blood Components,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 65, 1986, pp. 309-316.
|
[18]
|
F. Zeng, K. Cui, A. Xie, M. Liu and Y. Li, “Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Water and Sediment of Urban Lakes in a Subtropical City, Guangzhou South China,” Environment International, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2008, pp. 372- 380.
|
[19]
|
T. L. Swan and J. Davis, “Mechanisms of Phthalate Esters Toxicity in the Female Reproductive System,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 11, 2003, pp. 139- 145.
|
[20]
|
O. S. Fatoki and A. Noma, “Solid Phase Extraction Method for Selective Determination of Phthalate Esters in the Aquatic Environment,” Water, Air & Soil Pollution, Vol. 140, No. 1-4, 2002, pp. 85-98.
doi:10.1023/A:1020134707450
|
[21]
|
W. W. Huber, B. Crasl-Kraupp and R. Schulte-Hermann, “Hepatocarcinogenic Potential of DEHP in Rodents and Its Implications on Human risk,” Critical Review in Toxicology, Vol. 26, 1996, pp. 365-481.
|
[22]
|
J. Vessman, and G. Reitz, “Determination of Di(ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Human: Plasma and Plasma Proteins by Electron Capture Gas Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography, Vol. 100, No. 1, 1974, pp. 153-163. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86049-5
|
[23]
|
M. J. Bauer and R. Herrmann, “Estimation of the Envi- ronmental Contamination by Phthalic Acid Esters Leach- ing from Household Wastes,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 208, No. 1-2, pp. 49-57.
doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00272-6
|
[24]
|
A. O. Ogunfowokan, N. Torto, A. A. Adenuga and E. K. Okoh, “Survey of Level of Phthalate Ester Plasticizers in a Sewage Lagoon Effluent and a Receiving Stream,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 118, No. 1-3, 2006, pp. 457-480. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-1500-z
|
[25]
|
O. S. Fatoki and A. O. Ogunfowokan, “Procedural Clean- Up Technique for Determination of Phthalate Esters in an Aquatic Environment,” International Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1993, pp. 237-243. doi:10.1080/00207239308710864
|
[26]
|
O. S. Fatoki and A. O. Ogunfowokan, “Determination of Phthalate Ester Plasticizers in the Aquatic Environment of South Western Nigeria,” Environment International, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1993, pp. 619-623.
doi:10.1016/0160-4120(93)90314-8
|
[27]
|
M. Vitali, M. Guidotti, G. Macilenti and C. Cremisini, “Phthalate Esters in Freshwaters as Markers of Contami- nation Sources: A Site Study in Italy,” Environment In- ternational, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1997, pp. 337-347. doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(97)00035-4
|
[28]
|
A. Bjorseth, J., Knutzen and J. Skei, “Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Mussel from Saudafjoid, W. Norway, by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 13, 1979, pp. 71-89. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(79)90018-4
|
[29]
|
G. Park and F. Poole, “Solvation in Weak Complexing n-Octyl Phthalate and n-Octylterachlorophthalate Solvent by Gas Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 726, No. 1-2, 1996, pp. 141-151.
doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)01061-0
|
[30]
|
K. Sreenivasan, “Effect of Blending ?-Cyclodextrin with Poly(vinyl chloride) on the Leaching of Phthalate Ester of Hydrophilic Medium,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 95, No. 13, 1998, pp. 2089-2093.
|
[31]
|
V. Kuma and T. Y. Yang, “Interpolymer Complexation: Preparation and Characterization of a Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate-Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVAP-PVP) Complex,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 188, No. 2, 1999, pp. 221-232. doi:10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00223-9
|
[32]
|
E. Yuwantini, N. Hata and S. Taguchi, “Behaviour of Di (2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate Discharged from Domestic Wastes Water in Aquatic Environment,” Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Vol. 8, 2006, pp. 191-196. doi:10.1039/b509767c
|
[33]
|
K. Hashizume, J. Kanya, C. Toda, T. Yasui and H. Nagano, “Phthalate Esters Detected in Various Water Samples and Biodegradation of the Phthalates by Microbes Isolated from River Water,” Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2002, pp. 209-214. doi:10.1248/bpb.25.209
|
[34]
|
Food and Drug Adminisration (FDA), “FDA Public Health Notification: PVC Devices Containing the Plasi- cizers DEHP,” 2002.
http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/dehp.html
|
[35]
|
J. A. Thomas, D. B. Wienc Kowsi, B. A. Gillies, M. J. Thomas and E. J. Youkillis, “Effects of Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) on the Neonates and Aspect of Teragogenic Actions,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 63, 1995, pp. 243-248.
|
[36]
|
S. Mori, “Identification and Determination of Phthalate Esters in River Water by High Performance-Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography, Vol. 129, No. 22, 1976, pp. 53-60. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87767-5
|
[37]
|
H. Fromme, T. Kuchler, T. Oho, K. Pilz, J. Miller and A. Wenzel, “Occurrence of Phthalates and Bisphenol in the Environment,” Water Research, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1429-1438. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00367-0
|
[38]
|
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), “Water Quality Standards Handbook: Chapter 3,” US En- vironmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington DC, 1994.
|