Applied Orthogonal Experiment Design for the Optimum Extraction Conditions of High Concentration Selenium from Maifanite ()
1. Introduction
Metal dyshomeostasis was one of pathological characterizations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1] [2] [3] [4] . Maifanite, a mineral medicine and was used in many fields for a long time in East Asia countries such as China and Japan [5] [6] . It might be the ideal metal homeostasis reagent. In our previous study, we found that maifanite could balance the dyshomeostasis of trace elements in A β-in- duced AD rats, and the trace element Se was very important, and its level in high dose maifanite group was higher than that in normal control group [7] . There has been heightened interest in the role of the trace element Se in health and neurologic disorders including AD [1] .
Many mineral elements were produced after the primary maifanite mineral was immersed into water [6] . The major elements in the aqueous extract of maifanite were K, Na, Ca, Mg, Sr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Se etc. [4] [5] [6] . In order to improve the concentration of selenium in the maifanite concentrate, we designed the orthogonal experiments from six factors: size of maifanite, concentration of maifanite, soaking time at room temperature, heating temperature, heating time and pH value. The optimum dissolution conditions of maifanite were studied by using Se content as the index of dissolution performance.
2. Experiment
The maifanite was purchased from the Guifeng Maifanite Company in Guangxi Guiping City, China. Deionized water (18 MΩ cm, Milli-Q gradient system, Millipore) was used throughout the experiments.
By the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES; IRIS Intrepid II XSP, USA Thermo Elemental), the elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, and Al were analyzed in the optimum dissolution conditions of maifanite. The measurement conditions were 1200 W from the radio-frequency generator, a plasma argon flow rate of 15 L/min, a cooling gas flow of 14 L/min, a carrier gas flow of 1.0 L/min, a 20-μm entrance slit, a 30-μm exit slit, a height of observation of 15mm, and an integration time lapse of 5s.
Software of orthogonal designing assistant II V3.1 was used for the evaluation of the statistical experimental design. A five-level and six-factor orthogonal experiment (Table 1) was designed according to the L25-5-6 table as follow.
3. Results
According to the orthogonal experiment design (L25-5-6 table), twenty-five experiments should be accomplished. As shown in Table 2, the results of Se content were determined by ICP-AES in water extract of maifanite. Regarded Se content as the index of dissolution performance, the optimum dissolution conditions of maifanite were obtained as follow: size of maifanite was 10 mesh, concentration of maifanite was 15 (expressed as the quality of maifanite divided by that of water), soaking time was 60 min at room temperature, heating temperature was 70˚C, heating time was 20 min, pH value was 6. Under this condition, the concentrations of each element (ppm) determined by ICP-AES were: Fe
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Table 1. Afive-level and six-factor orthogonal experiment was designed according to the L25-5-6 table by orthogonal designing assistant II V3.1.
1)expressed as the quality of maifanite divided by that of water. 2)soaking time at room temperature.
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Table 2. The results of Se content were determined by ICP-AES in water extract of maifanite.
1)expressed as the quality of maifanite divided by that of water. 2)soaking time at room temperature.
0.099, Cu 0.035, Mn 0.051, Zn 0.019, Se 0.028, Al 0.000.
4. Conclusion
According to the orthogonal experiment design, regarded Se content as the index of dissolution performance, the optimum dissolution conditions of maifanite were obtained as follows: size of maifanite was 10 mesh, concentration of maifanite was 15 (expressed as the quality of maifanite divided by that of water), soaking time was 60 min at room temperature, heating temperature was 70˚C, heating time was 20 min, pH value was 6. Under this condition, the concentrations of each element (ppm) determined by ICP-AES were: Fe 0.099, Cu 0.035, Mn 0.051, Zn 0.019, Se 0.028, Al 0.000 ure/K”.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Sub Project of the Key Laboratory of Generic Technology Research and development of Traditional Chinese Drugs Pharmaceutics in Guangxi colleges and Universities (No. ZJGX201402005), which affiliated to Promotion Project of Science and Technology Innovation Ability in Guangxi Colleges and Universities (approved by the Education Department of Guangxi Government, China, No. [2014] 14).