A Comparative Study on the Hemato-Biochemical and Immunological Effects of the Hexavalent FMD Vaccine Alone or in Combination with Trivalent FMD Vaccine in Cattle

Sherif M. Shawky¹, Nahed S. Thabet², Sahar H. Orabi³, Mohamed A. Nayel⁴

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
³Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
⁴Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.

DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2016.41003                

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease is the most contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. Routine prophylactic vaccination in Egypt from 2012 till now has been conducted with Trivalent and/or hexavalent vaccine of MERIAL, against virus strains (O manisa + O-3039 + A Iran 05 + A Saudi 95 + Asia 1 + Sat2). This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical and immunological changes associated with the use of hexavalent vaccine alone or in combination with trivalent FMD vaccine. This study was carried out on 24 cattle divided into three groups eight cattle each. Group I served as control. Group II were selected from farms vaccinated with hexavalent FMD vaccine. Group III were selected from farms vaccinated with a combination of trivalent and hexavalent FMD vaccine. The results showed that both vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in total leukocytic count. Sera from hexavalent-trivalent vaccinated cattle demonstrated a significant increase in serum cortisol concentrations. Significant increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in animals vaccinated with a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccine. In addition, both regimes resulted in a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen compared to control. Both regimes induced a significant increase in serum levels of ceruloplasmin while phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index was enhanced only by the hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines. It is also advisable to include the hexavalent vaccine within the program of obligatory and imperative vaccination against FMD.

Keywords

Hexavalent FMD Vaccine, Trivalent FMD Vaccine, Hemato-Biochemical, Immunological Effects, Cortisol

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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