Hereditary Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Study of 66 Families

Zsuzsa I. Bartik¹, Agneta Nordenskjöld², Sofia Sjöström¹, Rune Sixt¹, Ulla Sillén¹

¹The Pediatric Uro-Nephrologic Centre, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²Department of Women and Children Health, Karolinska Institutet and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2015.54046                

Abstract

Purpose: We studied the inheritance pattern, clinical features and outcome in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Characteristics of known familial VUR cases were also compared with those of sporadic VUR. Material and Methods: 726 patients were treated for VUR between 1990-2004. The families were contacted by letter inquiring if other members of the family were affected. The phenotype of all cases (familial and non-familial) was characterized in terms of presenting symptoms, reflux grade, recurrent urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and the natural course of reflux. Results: The response rate was 79%. A total of 99 individuals (22%) reported relatives with VUR. Since some of the 99 index cases belonged to the same family, the total number of families was ultimately 66. The distribution of relatives with VUR was: 38 siblings, 20 parents (15 mothers), 19 cousins, 15 aunts/uncles and 12 grandparents. The phenotype of VUR did not differ between familial and non-familial cases. However, VUR among relatives was of milder grade than index and sporadic cases. Conclusions: The proportion of hereditary reflux in our material was lower than in other studies (22%). We found a strong overrepresentation of maternal transmission of reflux. Severity of the disease did not differ between familial and non-familial VUR.

Keywords

Vesicoureteral Reflux, Heredity, Phenotype

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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