Chemical Characterization and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of the Essential Oils from the Leaves and Flowers of Callistemon viminalis

Christiane Maria de Oliveira¹, Maria das Graças Cardoso^1*, Marisa Ionta², Marisi Gomes Soares³, Juliana de Andrade Santiago¹, Guilherme Álvaro Ferreira da Silva², Maria Luisa Teixeira¹, Danúbia Aparecida de Carvalho Selvati Rezende¹, Rafaela Vieira de Souza¹, Luana Isac Soares¹, David Lee Nelson⁴, Marcos Schleiden Sousa Carvalho⁵

¹Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
²Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
³Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.
⁴Federal University of Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
⁵Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.616268                

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize and verify the in vitro antitumor activity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves and flowers of Callistemon viminalis. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The identification and quantification of constituents were performed on a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. The antitumoral activity was evaluated by a colorimetric assay (MTS) using different cell lines derived from human tumors (breast, lung, glioblastoma, and melanoma). The major constituents of the EOs of leaves and flowers were similar, only quantitative differences being observed. The compounds 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and α-terpineol were found in concentrations of 50.4%, 25.8% and 8.7% in the EOs obtained from the leaves and 48.8%, 24.5% and 3.9% in the EOs obtained from the flowers, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the EOs was observed only in melanoma cultures (HT144). Cultures treated for 48 h with EOs from leaves and flowers (200 μg·mL^-1) reduced the viability by 40% and 25%, respectively. Thus, the antiproliferative activity of the EO from leaves was more pronounced than the EO from flowers in cells derived from melanoma.

Keywords

Cancer, Volatile Oil, Escova-de-Garrafa (Bottle Brush)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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