Analysis of the Driving Force of  Hydrodynamics in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Jane N. Ndungu; Wenlong Chen; Denie C. M. Augustijn; Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher

doi:10.4236/ojmh.2015.54009

Home > Journals > Earth & Environmental Sciences > OJMH

OJMH> Vol.5 No.4, October 2015

Share This Article:

Open Access

Analysis of the Driving Force of Hydrodynamics in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Abstract Full-Text HTML XML

Download as PDF (Size:865KB) PP. 95-104

DOI: 10.4236/ojmh.2015.54009 3,500 Downloads 4,074 Views Citations

Author(s) Leave a comment

Jane N. Ndungu^1*, Wenlong Chen², Denie C. M. Augustijn², Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher²

Affiliation(s)

¹MEEP, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya.
²Twente Water Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

ABSTRACT

The hydrodynamics in Lake Naivasha, a shallow endorheic lake, are simulated using the Delft3D Flow Module to investigate the major driving forces of hydrodynamics in the lake. The results showed wind as the major forcing. The shallow zones of the lake showed currents movement in the same direction as the wind while the deep zones showed currents movements against the wind direction. These findings were confirmed and further explained using an idealized model. Limited exchange between the Crescent Lake (crater lake which is temporally separated from the lake during low water levels) and the main lake was observed. These findings can explain the spatial variability of the water quality in the lake. Similar studies could be used in exploratory studies of the spatial-temporal variability in water quality in other shallow water systems.

KEYWORDS

Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, Shallow Lakes, Wind-Driven Currents, Lake Naivasha

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Cite this paper

Ndungu, J. , Chen, W. , Augustijn, D. and Hulscher, S. (2015) Analysis of the Driving Force of Hydrodynamics in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Open Journal of Modern Hydrology, 5, 95-104. doi: 10.4236/ojmh.2015.54009.

References

[1]	Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Hao, J. and Shen, H. (2009) Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Water Quality in Yangchenghu Lake. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 710-715.

[2]	You, B.-S., Zhong, J.-C., Fan, C.-X., Wang, T.-C., Zhang, L. and Ding, S.-M. (2007) Effects of Hydrodynamics Processes on Phosphorus Fluxes from Sediment in Large, Shallow Taihu Lake. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19, 1055-1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60172-7

[3]	Lou, J., Schwab, D.J., Beletsky, D. and Hawley, N. (2000) A Model of Sediment Resuspension and Transport Dynamics in Southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105, 6591-6610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900325

[4]	Jin, K.-R. and Ji, Z.-G. (2004) Case Study: Modeling of Sediment Transport and Wind-Wave Impact in Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 1055-1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:11(1055)

[5]	Jin, K.-R. and Ji, Z.-G. (2005) Application and Validation of Three-Dimensional Model in a Shallow Lake. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 131, 213-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:5(213)

[6]	Lee, C., Schwab, D.J., Beletsky, D., Stroud, J. and Lesht, B. (2007) Numerical Modeling of Mixed Sediment Resuspension, Transport, and Deposition during the March 1998 Episodic Events in Southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003419

[7]	Ndungu, J., Augustijn, D., Hulscher, S.J.M.H., Kitaka, N. and Mathooko, J. (2013) Spatiotemporal Variations in the Trophic Status of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 18, 317-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lre.12043

[8]	LNRA (1999) Lake Naivasha Management Plan.

[9]	Ndungu, J., Augustijn, D.C.M., Hulscher, S.J.M.H., Fulanda, B., Kitaka, N. and Mathooko, J.M. (2015) A Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, 177-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF14031

[10]	Ndungu, J., Monger, B.C., Augustijn, D.C.M., Hulscher, S.J.M.H., Kitaka, N. and Mathooko, J.M. (2013) Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Variations in Chlorophyll-a in Lake Naivasha, Kenya: Remote-Sensing Approach. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 8142-8155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.833359

[11]	Podsetchine, V. and Schernewski, G. (1999) The Influence of Spatial Wind Inhomogeneity on Flow Patterns in a Small Lake. Water Research, 33, 3348-3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00035-4

[12]	Meins, F.M. (2013) Evaluation of Spatial Scale Alternatives for Hydrological Modelling of the Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya. Msc. Thesis, University of Twente.

[13]	Mathieu, P.-P., Deleersnijder, E., Cushman-Roisin, B.T., Beckers, J.-M. and Bolding, K. (2002) The Role of Topography in Small Well-Mixed Bays, with Application to the Lagoon of Mururoa. Continental Shelf Research, 22, 1379-1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00002-X

[14]	Teeter, A.M., Johnson, B.H., Berger, C., Stelling, G., Scheffner, N.W., Garcia, M.H. and Parchure, T. (2001) Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modeling with Emphasis on Shallow-Water, Vegetated Areas (Lakes, Reservoirs, Estuaries and Lagoons). Hydrobiologia, 444, 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017524430610

[15]	Razmi, A.M., Barry, D.A., Lemmin, U., Bonvin, F., Kohn, T. and Bakhtyar, R. (2013) Direct Effects of Dominant Winds on Residence and Travel Times in the Wide and Open Lacustrine Embayment: Vidy Bay (Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Aquatic Sciences, 76, 59-71.

[16]	Rodi, W. (2006) DNS and LES of Some Engineering Flows. Fluid Dynamics Research, 38, 145-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2004.11.003

[17]	Fan, S.-S. (1988) Twelve Selected Computer Stream Sedimentation Models Developed in the United States.

[18]	Papanicolaou, A., Elhakeem, M., Krallis, G., Prakash, S. and Edinger, J. (2008) Sediment Transport Modeling Review—Current and Future Developments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:1(1)

[19]	Elfrink, B. and Baldock, T. (2002) Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in the Swash Zone: A Review and Perspectives. Coastal Engineering, 45, 149-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3839(02)00032-7

[20]	Spasojevic, M. and Holly, F. (Eds.) (2000) Field Data and 3D Mobile-Bed Modeling: Help or Hindrance? Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Iowa, 23-27 August 2000, 10-11.

[21]	Przedwojski, B., Blazejewski, R. and Pilarczyk, K.W. (1995) River Training Techniques: Fundamentals, Design and Applications. AA Balkema, Amsterdam.

[22]	Onishi, Y. (1994) Sediment Transport Models and Their Testing. In: Chaudhry, M.H. and Mays, L., Eds., Computer Modeling of Free-Surface and Pressurized Flows, NATO ASI Series 274, Springer, Dordrecht, 281-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0964-2_10

[23]	Nakato, T. (1990) Tests of Selected Sediment-Transport Formulas. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 116, 362-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:3(362)

[24]	Hubble, D.S. and Harper, D.M. (2002) Nutrient Control of Phytoplankton Production in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Hydrobiologia, 488, 99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023318212258

[25]	Kranenburg, C. (1992) Wind-Driven Chaotic Advection in a Shallow Model Lake. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 30, 29-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689209498945

[26]	Stager, J.C., Cumming, B. and Meeker, L. (1997) A High-Resolution 11,400-Yr Diatom Record from Lake Victoria, East Africa. Quaternary Research, 47, 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1863

[27]	Abuodha, J., Muyodi, F., Hecky, R. and Mwanuzi, F.L. (Eds.) (2005) Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP) Water Quality and Ecosystem Status: Lake Victoria Regional Water Quality Synthesis Report.

[28]	Ssebuggwawo, V., Kitamirike, J., Khisa, P., Njuguna, H., Myanza, O., Hecky, R. and Mwanuzi, F. (2005) Hydraulic/ Hydrodynamic Conditions of Lake Victoria. In: Abuodha, J., Muyodi, F., Hecky, R. and Mwanuzi, F.L., Eds., Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP), Water Quality and Ecosystem Status, LVEMP, Kisumu, 42-61.